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DDS1-Oral Biology > midterm 1 > Flashcards

midterm 1 Flashcards

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1
Q

factors affecting gene expression

A
  • time (development stage)
  • environment (in body)
  • type of cell
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2
Q

do most dental diseases follow mendelian inheritance

A

no

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3
Q

which dental diseases follow mendelian inheritance

A
  • amelogenesis imperfecta

- dentinogenesis imperfecta

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4
Q

what general diseases (following mendelian) affect teeth

A
  • cystic fibrosis
  • ectodermal dysplasia
  • down syndrome
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5
Q

issues with down syndrome pt

A
  • caries
  • malocclusion
  • abnormally shaped teeth
  • MAXILLARY HYPOPLASIA
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6
Q

multifactorial inheritance/ complex traits are due to

A

gene-environment interactions and changes in gene expression

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7
Q

multifactorial inheritance examples

A
  • clept lip/palate
  • dental caries
  • perio
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8
Q

response to environmental factors and susceptibility to disease is due to

A

modifying gene expression

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9
Q

can only modify dental diseases by

A

modifying environmental factors

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10
Q

what two genes affect caries

A

GLUT2 and TAS1R2

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11
Q

GLUT2

A

thr/ile polymorphisms = higher caries

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12
Q

TAS1R2

A

ile/ile polymorphisms = higher caries

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13
Q

higher associations and less discrimination/noise

A
  1. environment
  2. oral microbiome
  3. salivary proteome
  4. genome
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14
Q

what 6 factors make up comprehensive caries risk assessment model

A
  • SES
  • OH and F-
  • diet
  • genomic markers
  • microbiome markers
  • proteomic/metabolomic markers
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15
Q

alveolar bone remodels during

A
  • tooth eruption
  • mastication
  • ortho tooth movement
  • jaw bone (pathology)
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16
Q

steps for RANK

A
  1. osteoblast makes RANKL
  2. RANKL binds to RANK on pre-osteoclasts
  3. diff into osteoclasts and resorption begins
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17
Q

inhibitor of RANKL

A

osteoprotegerin (OPG)

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18
Q

what secretes OPG

A

osteoblasts

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19
Q

osteoblasts are derived from what

A

lining cells on bone

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20
Q

what do osteoclasts make

A

howship lacuna (bone pit)

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21
Q

what enzyme is found on ruffled border

A

cathepsin k

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22
Q

steps for HAP dissolution

A
  1. osteoclast makes carbonic anhydrase II
  2. CAII releases H+
  3. H+ move out by ATP pump
  4. pH drops to 2.5-3.0
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23
Q

what two enzymes are important for degrading organic materix

A

-cathepsin K and MMP-9

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24
Q

what does cathepsin k make

A

collagenase to break down type I collagen

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25
what does mmp-9 make
collagenase B
26
function of collagenase B from mmp-9
migration and GF
27
function of mmp-13
resorption and differentiation
28
steps to remove products of resorptive zone
1. endocytosis 2. membrane bound vesicle 3. fuse with FUNCTIONAL SECRETORY DOMAIN (FSD) 4. exocytosis
29
postmen women have low estrogen causing
high RANKL= more osteoclasts = more bone loss
30
what inhibits osteoclasts
bisphosphonate
31
people taking BISPH can have
osteonecrosis of the jaw bone during surgery (BRONJ)
32
RANKL knockout mice had
- osteopetrosis - defects in tooth eruption - low osteoclast #
33
mineralized tissues are
composite materials
34
human teeth are
composite of composite structures
35
forms of calcium carbonate
- acc - valerite - aragonite - calcite
36
aragonite crystals forms a
"stack of coins" structure that make up gastropod nacre
37
hard connective tissues example
- dentine - cementum - bone * not enamel (no collagen; has distinct enamel proteins)
38
what makes up hard CT
fibrous protein (eg. collagen) and proteoglycans, phosphoporteins, phospholipids
39
main mineral in teeth**
calcium phosphate dihyrate
40
structure of calcium phosphate dihydrate
rhombic prism
41
ca phosphate OH2 can form
-crystallites (hard tissue) OR -rods (enamel) (bigger)
42
3 surfaces of apatite crystallite
1. hydration shell 2. crystal interior 3. crystal surface * change occurs at all surfaces
43
dihydrate ions can be exchanged with
F- and Cl-
44
conversion of HAP to FAP
2OH- replace with 2F- | -longer and wider
45
advantage of FAP over HAP
FAP doesnt dissolve much in acid than HAP
46
two methods of achieving mineralization
1. matrix vesicles | 2. heterogenous nucleation
47
what mechanical model of equilibrium is Ca Phos
metastable
48
phase transition of ca phos
single ions, clusters, larger clusters, solid
49
supersaturated tissue fluid undergoes
spontaneous precipitation
50
homogenous nucleation or matrix vesicles
solids increase in size and rupture vesicles, solid deposits on matrix
51
heterogenous nucleation
1. ca-proteo in gap of collagen fibrils 2. 3P cleave them 3. attract - particles so P come in
52
enamel composition
mineral 95 organic 1 water 4
53
developing enamel composition
mineral 15 organic 20 water 65
54
dentin composition
mineral 70 organic 20 water 10
55
bone composition
mineral 60 organic 20 water 20
56
cementum composition
mineral 50 organic 20 water 30
57
FAP is more/less thermodynamically stable than HAP
more
58
3 properties of FAP after F- substitution
- more compact - less acid soluble - easier to remineralize
59
inorganic oral care product
amorphous calcium phosphate
60
bioglass
-raises pH (trades H+ for Na+), allows precip, HAP over dentin
61
bioapetite
- less crystallinity | - many structures due to diff 1proteins
62
main type of collagen in bone
type I collagen
63
function of alkaline phosphatase
shuttles P from proteins to HAP and back
64
matrix vesicles deliver
proteins like osteopontin to mineralization foci
65
without the dentin proteins you get
too much predentin and not enough maturation
66
DSP/DPP protein is associated with
dentinogenesis imperfecta type 3
67
what non-collag protein is found in cementum
osteopontin

DDS1-Oral Biology (1 decks)

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