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Discipline of psych nursing > Midterm 1 > Flashcards

Midterm 1 Flashcards

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1
Q

Nursing history provides:

A

reflection, understanding, provides a framework to understand the past

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2
Q

Hotel Dieu

A

Quebec, first hospital in Canada; starting point of nursing in Canada

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3
Q

Marie Rollet Hebert

A

Canada’s first nurse (immigrated from France); provided same quality of care for everyone

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4
Q

Jeanne Mance

A

Became an inspiration for nurses; came to Canada and found Ville Marie (hospital in Montreal); only person with healthcare training in the new settlement

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5
Q

Marguerite d’Youvillie

A

Formed the first Grey Nuns hospital in Montreal

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6
Q

Florence Nightingale

A

“Mother of Nursing”; founder of modern nursing focused on the importance of a clean environment fought for women to be able to work
advocated for health of people, healthcare reform and education preparation

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7
Q

Hospital Insurance and diagnostic services act

A

Act passed to provide equal access to healthcare services

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8
Q

St. Catherines Training school

A

First diploma school in Canada

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9
Q

Victorian Order of nurses:

A

Signified professional standards

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10
Q

International Council of Nurses:

A

Goal; to improve welfare of nurses and the people’s health

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11
Q

CNA code of ethics

A

First revised in 1974; value based regulatory laws to help nurses and rights of nurses

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12
Q

First University program

A

University of Toronto in 1942

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13
Q

Weir Report:

A

Studied exploitation of nursing students; confirmed insufficient classroom/clinical preparation, instruction and experience

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14
Q

Post WW II

A

Healthcare education became a priority again, as nurses were needed for military personnel and civilians; more funding, grants and nursing programs became available post WW II

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15
Q

Designation of Nursing; RPN

A

Education; Diploma in Psychiatric Nursing
Licensing exam: registered psych nurses of Canada exam
registration required: must be registered with CRPNAB
Regulatory body: college of registered psychiatric nurses of AB

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16
Q

15th century

A

Beginning of European Renaissance; small scale asylums established (housed 10 people)

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17
Q

Early asylums

A

Londons Bethlehem (Bedlam) and Reinier van Arkel asylum

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18
Q

17th century Roman Catholic order:

A

Produced early models for nursing work; socially acceptable endeavour
Spiritual, biological and social explanations commonly intertwined popular perceptions of causes of mental illness
Social Fear and tolerance for what is deemed deviant behaviour are related to social stability

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19
Q

Philippe Pinel

A

Believed that the insane were actually sick, who needed humane treatment
Ordered the removal of chains, stopped abuse and drugging and bloodletting

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20
Q

Quaker tea merchant

A

Raised funds for retreats for mentally ill members of his community
Influences reform initiatives, moral treatment, supervision and proper medical care and meaningful help

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21
Q

First mental institution in Canada

A

New Brunswick, St John’s facility

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22
Q

Canada institutions; 19th and 20th centuries

A

Late 19th and early 20th century, each province established an asylum
involuntary confinement and institutional care became the dominant treatment modality for mentally ill people (replaced Poor Law based approaches)

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23
Q

Legal basis in Canada

A

each province developed its own legalization
Insanity Act; provided legal basis for confinement of mentally ill persons
reformed to Mental Health Act; reflecting views and stronger medical influence

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24
Q

Beginning of legal basis and now

A

patients were admitted as certified patients (involuntary)

now; can be voluntary or involuntary (certified)

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25
Dorothea Dix
crusade for more humane treatment (19th century) Became a women's advocate instrumental in advocating for mental institutions and more reform
26
Charles K Clarke
began the introduction of nurse training
27
Clifford Beers
wrote an autobiography showing the harm inside mental institutions (beating, choking, imprisoned in the dark, straightjackets) in all private, profit, non profit and state institutions Became an advocate for reform
28
Political concerns following WWI
became a political motivation to reform and improve mental institutions (shell shocked veterans) introduction on trained nursing staff
29
Charles Barager:
started one of the first school in Manitoba, also trained staff in Ponoka established the 18-month program (females 3 year program (males)
30
Modern 20th century thinking
focus on prevention, as well as biological views on mental illness
31
Early scientific thought
2 opposing thoughts: biological origins problems were attributed to environmental and social stress
32
psychosocial ideas:
proposed that mental disorders resulted from environmental and social deprivation
33
Adolf Meyer
bridged the ideological gap between the approaches integration of human biological functions with the environment (did bad stuff too; took out sepsis in attempt to cure patients; teeth, tonsils, colon)
34
Freud's psychoanalytic theory
personality based on unconscious motivations, past experiences and early childhood and adolescent memories
35
freudian model
oral stage: infancy, symbolic oral ingestion Anal stage: toddler, sense of autonomy through withholding Genital stage: sense of sexuality emerges (teen), framework on relationships
36
New trends post WW2
implementation of universal health insurance, based on 50/50 between federal and provincial government shift towards general hospitals
37
critical social movements
protesting poor circumstances in large mental institutions, lack of patients rights need to improve support ant resources
38
deinstitutionalization
downsizing of large provincial psychiatric hospitals | new orientation on community-based services
39
late 20th century
supporting discharged patients in their transition to living in the community
40
Hidegaard Paplau
most important psychiatric nurse developed the nurse-patient therapeutic relationship introduced PMH nursing to the concept of interpersonal relations
41
5 ways of knowing:
silence, received, subjective, procedural, constructed
42
silence:
passivity/dependency, sees authority figures as being all knowing and overpowering
43
received:
taking knowledge from hearing or reading, then repeating them back
44
subjective:
person takes knowledge they are given and internalize it
45
procedural:
after subjective knowing, beginning to internally debate it, weighing the options
46
constructed:
ability to identify your assumptions and critically evaluate them
47
professional patterns of knowing:
4 patterns; empirical, aesthetic, personal, ethical
48
Empirical knowing:
science of nursing, obtained from observation of research; helps guide the clinical decision making process
49
aesthetic nursing:
art of nursing, applying our own personalities to make clinical situations more natural and genuine
50
personal knowing:
interactions, relationships and transactions between the nurse and the patient
51
ethical knowing:
moral knowledge in nursing; rooted in the collective values shared between nurses (the values of codes of ethics)
52
value:
strong personal belief; reflect cultural and social influences, relationship and personal needs
53
ethics:
study of the philosophical ideas of right and wrong behaviour study of good character, conflict and motives
54
code of ethics:
outlines professional values and ethical commitments to the patients and communities
55
7 values of nursing:
``` provide safe, competent care promote health and well-being respecting informed decision making preserve dignity privacy and confidentiality promote justice be accountable ```
56
codes that reflect the principles of nursing:
responsibility; reliability and dependability accountability; perform actions adequately and thoughtfully for the dignity, fidelity and respect advocacy: acting on behalf of another who cannot speak for themselves
57
meta ethics:
status, foundations and scopes of moral values (what is good/right)
58
normative ethics:
rules, values and principles that allow us to judge the quality and way we make and evaluate decisions; based on obligations to others
59
applied ethics:
how decisions should be made in particular situations
60
deontology
DUTY based; actions are defined as right or wrong
61
utilitarianism
main emphasis on outcome/consequence of actions
62
bioethics:
``` principle reasoning, 4 principles: autonomy (ability to make choices) beneficence (doing/promoting good for others) nonmalificence (avoidance of harm/hurt) justice (fairness) ```
63
feminist ethics:
focus on equality for all (power dynamics, content and relatedness)
64
relational ethics:
emerged and formed from a persons relationship with others
65
ethical dilemma:
conflict between 2 sets of human values both of which are judged to be "good" but neither can be fully served
66
steps to solving dilemmas:
``` gather information examine and determine your own values on issue verbalize problem consider the possible outcomes reflect evaluate ```
67
futile care:
patients rights, grown concern about using health care resources medical: medical treatment that is considered impossible or unlikely to achieve therapeutic goal
68
moral distress:
arises when nurses are unable to act accordingly to their moral judgement
69
moral integrity
compromised by moral distress or ethical dilemma
70
moral residue
nurse allows themselves to be compromised
71
fiduciary relationship
professional provides care, the recipient trusts that there is specialized knowledge and integrity in the professional
72
civil law:
refer to private relationship between people
73
statue law:
apply throughout the country, and provincial and territorial where they are
74
professional regulation:
regulated at a provincial/territorial level
75
standards of care:
guidelines for nursing practice define nursing
76
tort law:
wrong committed against a person/property | intentional or unintentional
77
assault:
creates in another person apprehension or fear of imminent harmful or offensive contact (no physical contact needed)
78
battery:
intentional physical contact with a person without consent
79
advanced directive:
mechanism enabling a mentally competent person to plan for a time when they may lack mental capacity to make medical decisions about treatment
80
living will:
document in which the person makes in anticipation of death/refusal of life-prolonging measures
81
risk management:
system of ensuring appropriate nursing care by identifying potential hazards and preventing harm from occurring
82
steps for risk management:
identify risks, analyze them, act to reduce them, evaluate steps taken
83
casuistry:
case based
84
threats to dignity:
not being present with patient (not supporting patient), when patient feels hopeless/powerless, patient feels violated, healthcare worker overextends their power, lack of compassion
85
constitutional law:
relationship between the people and government
86
canadian charter of rights and freedoms:
conscience and religion thoughts, beliefs, opinions and expressions peaceful assembly association
87
regulatory law:
groups, people and agencies have the authority to make a law because there is an Act that gives them that authority
88
negligence:
form of malpractice or professional misconduct | when a health care provider unintentionally fails to meet the standards of care required
89
5 principles on consent:
express, written, oral, implied, consent in emergency situations
90
legal issues in Canadian health care
use of restraints (in extreme situations) self-discharge (can leave whenever they want) Good Samaritan law (protect anyone who offers help to someone in distress and it goes wrong)
91
health care values
truthfulness, respect, empathy, compassion
92
duty to:
deliver care behave ethically be moral be competent
93
teleological theory
consequence based; depending on the consequence of the decision (if something goes wrong)
94
divine command
most rigid, set of rules enforced by a higher power
95
tangible vs intangible
choice vs given (rule to provide by)
96
critical thinking
recognize an issue analyze information evaluate information draw conclusions
97
levels of critical thinking
basic complex (separate thinking from others and form choice independently) commitment (anticipate the need to make choices)

Discipline of psych nursing (1 decks)

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