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Production animal medicine > Midterm 1 > Flashcards

Midterm 1 Flashcards

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1
Q

where do you put IV anesthesia in swine?

A

Single injection

  • Auricular vein
  • jugular vein
  • V.cava cranialis

Slow drop infusion
Auricular vessel

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2
Q

Where do you put epidural in swine?

A

Lumbosacral

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3
Q

How long should food be withhold before anesthesia?

A

6 h
12 h abdominal surgery
BUT GIVE WATER

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4
Q

How can you avoid malignant hyperthermia?

A

avoid stress

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5
Q

Why can intubation be difficult?

A 
laryngospasm is common
narrow glottis
long soft palate
wide opening of the mouth is difficult
sharp teeth
interesting laryngeal anatomy
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6
Q

I.M injection sites

A

Neck muscle

Triceps
epaxial lumbar muscle
gluteal
Quadriceps

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7
Q

What is most common of IM or IF (Intra-fat)?

A

IF

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8
Q

When do you use jugular vein for IV?

A

from 30 kg weight

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9
Q

When do you use V. cava cran for IV?

A

piglets (2-30kg) and adults

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10
Q

How do you use V.cava cran for IV?

A

Right side

Bc N.vagus is on the left side

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11
Q

which drugs can be used in sedation and premedication

A 
Azaperon 
Acepromazine
Diazepam
Midazolam
Xylazine
Detomodine
Medetomidine
Romifidin
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12
Q

Which drgs can be used for induction and maintenance?

A

Etomidate
Thippental
Ketamine

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13
Q

Dosage for Azaperone?

A

1-8 mg/kg deep im
1-2 mg/ttkg –> 12 ml inj /koca (250kg)
Boar: > 1 mg/kg, penile prolapse
Smaller dose in large animal (related more to body surface area than mass)

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14
Q

When should you not use azaperone?

A

in cold conditions –>peripheral vasodilation–> cardiovascular collapse

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15
Q

Dosage for acepromazine?

A

0,03-0,1 mg/kg deep im

effect is unpredictable

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16
Q

Side efefcts of acepromazine?

A

hypotension, heat loss

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17
Q

Dosage for diazepam and midazolam?

A

0,1-2 (2!) mg/kg deep im

Midazolam is better

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18
Q

How can you apply midazolam in piglets?

A

intranasal or rectal

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19
Q

Can you use xylazine alone?

A

No

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20
Q

What is the combination with xylazine?

A

xylazine 1-3 mg/kg
Ketamine 5 mg/kg
Butorphanol 0,1-0,2 mg/kg

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21
Q

What is the combination with detomodine?

A

Detomodine 0,1 mg/ttkg
Ketamine 5 mg/kg
Butorphanol 0,1-0,2 mg/kg

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22
Q

What is the combination with medetomidine?

A

Medetomidine 30-80 microg/kg
Ketamine 5 mg/kg
Butorphanol 0,1-0,2 mg/kg

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23
Q

What is the combination with romididin?

Study These Flashcards
A

Romifidin 120 microg/kg
Ketamine 5-8 mg/kg
Butorphanol 0,1-0,2 mg/kg

24
Q

Is etomidate licensed?

25
dosage of thiopental?
5-15 mg/kg iv
26
dosage of Ketamine
10-20 mg/kg im or iv | Alone
27
What can you combine ketamine with?
Diazepam or midazolam | Ketamine 5 mg/kg + d/m 0,1 mg/kg iv
28
when do you use lumbosacral epidural anaesthesia?
castration, obstetrical or perineal surgeries
29
Epidural in 50 kg pig
10 ml 2% lidokain | duration is 1-2 h
30
Physiological parameters for monitoring
``` Jaw tone general muscle tone ocular position/reflexes heart rate mucus membr skin temp ```
31
Fluid therapy during surgery
5-10 ml/kg/h | hartmann's, salsol solution
32
Indication for C-section
``` large fetuses emphysematous fetuses fetal monsters lacerations of the vaginal canal disturbed uterine contractions Specific pathogen free (SPF) pigs ```
33
What is given as premedication and induction before C-section?
Premed: azaperone Induction: Ketamine + midazolam
34
Which position is the sow in during C-section?
Right or left side lateral recumbency (vertical, walker's, wright's incisions) or Dorsal recumbency with a ventral midline incision
35
Suturing of the uterus after c-section - technique - material
in two layers sero-musculary - Lembert and cushing - nr 1 or 2absorbable material w/ atraumatic needle
36
Suture after c-section - peritoneum - muscle - skin
Peritoneum - nr 0 or 1 - absorbable w/atraumatic needle - continuous Muscle - nr 2 - absorbable - continuous Skin - extra heavy synthetic non abs Interrupted or matress or continuous sutures
37
Additional treatments after c-section
``` intrauterine tablets PGF2alpha Long lasting AB Uterine involution: oxitocin inj NSAID (Ketoprofen/meloxicam) Removal of skin sutures: 14-21 d ```
38
Prolapse of the uterus - reason - prognosis - methods
Reason - within 2-3 h of farrowing Prognosis - Very poor Methods - eutanasia --> best - Replacement --> if the uterus is not completely prolapsed - amputation
39
Prolapse of the rectum - reasons - methods
Reason - growing pigs - incr abdominal pressure - ocassionally in breeding females Methods - replace and retain - most freq - use corrugated tube into a prolapse - ligature- slough off --> growing pigs - suture and amputate
40
Vulval hematoma
Reasons - common in gilts - ocassionally in second litter females - rare in sow Methods: - bandage bw the lips behind the haematome and tie it remove after 2-3 min - hemorrhage not stopped--> mattress suture behind the haemotome - haemorrhage not stopped but vessel visible --> clamp it w forceps
41
umbilical haemorrhage in piglets, how to prevent bleeding out?
use a clamp 5 mm below the skin cut the cord below the clamp use tape to protect the clamp
42
What is given during artificial feeding of piglets?
colostrum, natural product (milk powder) or dextrose (instant source of energy)
43
How to do artificial feeding?
Sucking reflex: - human baby bottle - make the hole bigger no sucking reflex - stomach tube - intraperitoneal (IP) injection. e.g dextrose
44
What is the reason for tail docking?
to prevent tail biting
45
Procedure of docking
- wait until the piglet have consumed colostrum - day 3 is good - 16 mm of tail left - check for bleeding (use ligature for 15 min) - length should be the same in all piglets
46
Teeth - clipping - reasons - timing
Reason: - fighting - sharp canine and incisors --> bites --> grasy skin disease - best to avoid it if milk supply is optimized timing - 6 h after farrowing
47
Castration of piglets - reasons - when - techniques
Reason - avoid unwanted sexual or aggression behaviours - avoid boar smell When - < 7 days Technique - ventral incision on the midline - grasp testicles and cut below
48
castration in - 7 days - 20 kg - > 20 kg
7 days - 20 kg - local anaesthesia - 5-15 ml lidokain in testicle - 2-5 ml lidokain under skin > 20 kg - General anaesthesia - local anesthetics
49
Cryptorchidism - Presurgical procedures - position during surgery
Presurgical - 24 h without feed, 12 h withoud water - general anaesthesia - prepare ventral abdominal wall Position - dorsal position
50
When does the testicles normally go into the scrotum?
80 days of gestation
51
Catration of piglets with inguinal hernia - when - which anaesthesia?
When - 3-4 weeks of age Anaesthesia - general and local
52
Ideal teaser animal should be:
``` free of transmissible diseases Have a high degree of libido be small enough to use for immature female, yet large nough to use for mature females have distinct color or color pattern be friendly and non-aggressive ```
53
Procedures that block the flow of semen
vasectomy | epididymectomy
54
Procedures that prevent penile penetration
preputial translocation penopexy (penis sutured) penectomy (part of penis removed) preputial block ( prepuce is mechanically blocked to prevent extension of the penis)
55
Vasectomy - ideal weight - restraint - Presurgical procedures - anesthesia
Weight - 50-100 kg Restraint - dorsal recumbency Presurgical procedures - withold feed for 24 h and water for 12 h anesthesia -general and local
56
Epididymectomy in pigs - anaesthesia - age -
General anaesthesia - sedation --> azaperon - induction/maintenance --> xylaxine + ketamine or diazepam/midazolam + ketamine Age - 10-21 days old

Production animal medicine (1 decks)

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