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PMCOL 343 > Midterm 1 Drugs > Flashcards

Midterm 1 Drugs Flashcards

(84 cards)

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1
Q

Atropine

A

Muscarinic achetylcholine receptor antagonist
Produces constipation, tachycardia, dry mouth and urinary retention
Used to treat Parkinson’s disease associated tremor
Used to produce mydriasis

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2
Q

Nicotine

A

Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor agonist

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3
Q

Muscarine

A

Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor agonist (parasympathomimetic)

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4
Q

Acetylcholine

A

Choline ester
Agonist at muscarinic and nicotinic acetylcholine receptors

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5
Q

Carbachol

A

Choline ester
Agonist at muscarinic and nicotinic acetylcholine receptors
Poorly absorbed from gastrointestinal tract
Not hydrolyzed by acetylcholine esterase

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6
Q

Bethanechol

A

Choline ester
Agonist at muscarinic acetylcholine receptors
Poorly absorbed from gastrointestinal tract
Not hydrolyzed by acetylcholine esterase

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7
Q

Methacholine

A

Choline ester
Poorly absorbed from gastrointestinal tract
Used to measure severity of asthma

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8
Q

Oxotremorine

A

Muscarinic achetylcholine receptor agonist (parasympathomimetic)

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9
Q

Pilocarpine

A

Muscarinic achetylcholine receptor agonist (parasympathomimetic)
Used to treat glaucoma

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10
Q

Edrophonium

A

Anticholinesterase
Simple alcohol
Reversibly inhibits acetylcholinesterase
Used to treat glaucoma, dysrhythmias and Alzheimer’s disease

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11
Q

Neostigmine

A

Anticholinesterase
Carbamic ester of alcohols with quaternary or tertiary ammonium group
Reversibly inhibits acetylcholinesterase
Used to treat glaucoma, dysrhythmias and Alzheimer’s disease

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12
Q

Malathion

A

Anticholinesterase
Organophosphate
Irreversibly inhibits acetylcholinesterase
Used as an insecticide (causes cardiac arrest, fluid in lungs, bronchioconstriction and blockade of skeletal respiratory muscle contraction)

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13
Q

Soman

A

Anticholinesterase
Organophosphate
Irreversibly inhibits acetylcholinesterase
Used as nerve gas (causes cardiac arrest, fluid in lungs, bronchioconstriction and blockade of skeletal respiratory muscle contraction)

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14
Q

Succinylcholine

A

Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor antagonist
Used to induce paralysis during surgery

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15
Q

D-Tubocurarine

A

Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor antagonist
Used to induce paralysis during surgery

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16
Q

α-Bungarotoxin

A

Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor antagonist
Used to induce paralysis during surgery

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17
Q

Scopolamine

A

Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor antagonist
Used to treat motion sickness

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18
Q

Ipratropium

A

Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor antagonist (non-selective)
Used to treat chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Short lasting (6 hours)

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19
Q

Epinephrine

A

Adrenoceptor agonist (non-specific)
Used to administer local anaesthesia
Used to treat anaphylaxis and glaucoma

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20
Q

Isoproterenol

A

AKA Isoprenaline
β-adrenoceptor agonist (non-specific)
Used to treat cardiac arrest and heart block

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21
Q

Prazosin

A

α1-adrenoceptor antagonist
Used to treat hypertension and prostate hyperplasia/urinary obstruction

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22
Q

Yohimbine

A

α2-adrenoceptor antagonist

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23
Q

Phentolamine

A

α-adrenoceptor antagonist (non-specific)
Used to treat hypertension and pheochromocytoma

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24
Q

Phenylephrine

A

α1-adrenoceptor agonist
Not metabolized by catechol-o-methyltransferase
Used to treat nasal congestion
Used to produce mydriasis

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25
Clonidine
α2-adrenoceptor agonist
26
Dobutamine
β1-adrenoceptor agonist Used to treat acute heart failure and cardiogenic shock
27
Salbutamol
β2-adrenoceptor agonist Used to treat asthma Short acting (3-5 hour duration) Administered orally, through inhalation or injection
28
Propranolol
β-adrenoceptor antagonist (non-specific) Used to treat hypertension, prophylaxis of angina pectoris, hyperthyroidism and anxiety
29
Metoprolol
β1-adrenoceptor antagonist Used to treat hypertension in asthmatics, diabetics and patients with peripheral vascular disease
30
Tyramine
Induces catecholamine release Found in red wine and cheese Metabolized by monoamine oxidase in the liver Danger of severe hypertension and cardiac dysrhythmias in patient taking monoamine oxidase inhibitors
31
Cocaine
Inhibits catecholamine re-uptake Local anaesthetic and hemostatic used for ear, nose and throat surgery Used to test for Horner's syndrome
32
Methylphenidate
An amphetamine Induces catecholamine release Used to treat obesity, ADHD and narcolepsy Used to test for Horner's syndrome
33
Timolol
β-adrenoceptor antagonist (non-selective) No local anesthetic effects Used to treat glaucoma
34
Physostigmine
Anticholinesterase Used to treat glaucoma
35
Apraclonidine
α-adrenoceptor agonist (non-specific) Used to treat glaucoma
36
Anandamide
CB receptor agonist Used to treat glaucoma
37
Formaterol
β2-adrenoceptor agonist Used to treat asthma Long acting (8-12 hour duration) Administered through inhalation
38
Salmeterol
β2-adrenoceptor agonist Used to treat asthma Short acting (8-12 hour duration) Administered through inhalation
39
Terbutaline
β2-adrenoceptor agonist Used to treat asthma Short acting (3-5 hour duration) Administered through inhalation
40
Theophylline
Phosphodiesterase antagonist Metabolized by CYP450 enzymes Used to treat asthma Administered orally as a sustained-release preparation
41
Aminophylline
Phosphodiesterase antagonist Metabolized by CYP450 enzymes Used to treat asthma Administered orally as a sustained-release preparation
42
Montelukast
Cysteinyl leukotriene receptor antagonist (CysLT1 receptor) Used to treat asthma in aspirin sensitive patients Administerd orally in combination with an inhaled glucocorticoid
43
Zafirlukast
Cysteinyl leukotriene receptor antagonist (CysLT1 receptor) Used to treat asthma in aspirin sensitive patients Administerd orally in combination with an inhaled glucocorticoid Inhibits CYP3A4
44
Reslizumab
Humanized monoclonal anti-IL-5 antibody Used to treat eosinophilic asthma Can cause oropharyngeal pain
45
Omalizumab
Humanized monoclonal anti-IgE antibody Used to treat severe asthma that does not respond to glucocorticoid treatment, urticaria, allergic rhinitis and atopic dermatitis Administered subcutaneously every 2-4 weeks
46
Budenoside
Glucocorticoid Used to treat asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease Administered through inhalation Can cause adrenal suppression in children
47
Beclometasone
Glucocorticoid Used to treat asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease Administered through inhalation Can cause adrenal suppression in children
48
Prednisolone
Glucocorticoid Used to treat asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease Administered orally
49
Fluticasone
Glucocorticoid Used to treat asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease Administered through inhalation
50
Ciclesonide
Glucocorticoid Used to treat asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease Administered through inhalation
51
Tiotropium
M3 acetylcholine receptor antagonist Used to treat chronic obstructive pulmonary disease Long lasting (24 hours)
52
Mepolizumab
Humanized monoclonal anti-IL-5 antibody Used to treat eosinophilic asthma Can cause injection site reactions
53
Roflumilast
Phosphodiesterase 4 antagonist Used to treat chronic obstructive pulmonary disorder Administered orally
54
Levodopa
Metabolic precursor of dopamine (DOPA) Used to treat motor symptoms of Parkinson's disease Rapidly absorbed from small intestine (large neutral amino acids compete for absorption) Short half-life (1-3 hours) produces on-off phenomenon Levodopa-induced dyskinesia (LID) in advanced stages of Parkinson's disease
55
Carbidopa
DOPA decarboxylase antagonist Used in combination with levodopa to treat Parkinson's disease Reduces the metabolism of levodopa in the periphery
56
Bromocriptine
D2 receptor agonist Ergot alkaloid Used individually, in combination with anticholinergic drugs or in combination with levodopa to treat Parkinson's disease
57
Pramipexole
D3 receptor agonist Used individually or in combination with levodopa to treat Parkinson's disease
58
Ropinirole
D2 receptor agonist Used individually or in combination with levodopa to treat Parkinson's disease Metabolized by CYP1A2
59
Selegiline
Monoamine oxidase antagonist Used in combination with levodopa to treat Parkinson's disease
60
Rasagiline
Monoamine oxidase antagonist Used individually or in combination with levodopa to treat Parkinson's disease
61
Entacapone
Catechol-O-methyltransferase antagonist Used in combination with levodopa to treat Parkinson's disease Acts peripherally only
62
Tolcapone
Catechol-O-methyltransferase antagonist Used in combination with levodopa to treat Parkinson's disease Acts peripherally and centrally Hepatotoxic
63
Benztropine
Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor antagonist Used to treat Parkinson's disease
64
Biperiden
Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor antagonist Used to treat Parkinson's disease
65
Amantadine
Used individually or in combination with levodopa to treat Parkinson's disease
66
Butyrophenon
D2 receptor antagonist Used to treat psychosis Reversibly induces Parkinson's disease symptoms
67
Phenothiazine
D2 receptor antagonist Used to treat psychosis Reversibly induces Parkinson's disease symptoms
68
Reserpine
D2 receptor antagonist Used to treat psychosis Reversibly induces Parkinson's disease symptoms
69
MPTP
1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine Irreversible induces Parkinson's disease symptoms
70
Phenobarbital
Enhances activation of GABA-A receptors NMDA receptor inhibitor Barbiturate Long lasting (half-life 50-140 hours due to binding to serum albumin) 25% is excreted unchanged in urine Induces CYP enzymes Used to treat seizures
71
Diazepam
Enhances activation of GABA-A receptors Benzodiazepine Used to treat seizures
72
Lorazepam
Enhances activation of GABA-A receptors Benzodiazepine Used to treat seizures
73
Tiagabine
GAT1 GABA transporter antagonist Used to treat seizures
74
Vigabatrin
GABA-T irreversible antagonist Reduces glutamate/glutamine cycling between neurons and astrocytes Short half-life (5-7 hours) but long lasting effect Used to treat seizures
75
Felbamate
NMDA receptor inhibitor Facilitates GABA actions Used to treat seizures
76
Carbamazepine
Sodium channel inhibitor Induces CYP1A2, CYP2C and CYP3A enzymes Used to treat tonic clonic and focal seizures but not absence seizures
77
Valproic Acid
Sodium channel inhibitor NMDA receptor inhibitor GABA-T antagonist Strongly binds serum albumin Used to treat absence, myoclonic, tonic clonic and focal seizures Can produce teratogenicity
78
Lamotrigine
Sodium channel inhibitor Long lasting (half-life 24-35 hours) Used to treat absence, myoclonic, tonic clonic, focal seizures, depression and bipolar disorder
79
Phenytoin
Sodium channel inhibitor Fosphenytoin is prodrug Induces CYP450 enzymes Strongly binds plasma proteins Used to treat tonic clonic and focal seizures Can cause teratogenicity
80
Topiramate
NMDA receptor inhibitor Facilitates GABA actions Used to treat seizures
81
Perampanel
AMPA receptor inhibitor Weak enzyme induction at high dose Long lasting (half-life 52-129 hours) Used to treat seizures
81
Pregabalin
Calcium channel inhibitor Used to treat seizures and neuropathic pain
81
Gabapentin
Calcium channel inhibitor Structural analog of GABA Used to treat seizures and neuropathic pain
82
Flumazenil
Used to treat benzodiazepine overdose

PMCOL 343 (2 decks)

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