Midterm #1 (HINDUISM)

Question 1

Monotheism

Answer 1

Belief in one god

Question 2

Polytheism

Answer 2

recognition and worship of many gods

Question 3

Pantheism

Answer 3

all is god (reality, universe, nature)

Question 4

Transcendence

Answer 4

beyond oneself and the world

Question 5

ritual

Answer 5

an act of deep meaning, consisting of a series of actions performed in accordance with prescribed order

Question 6

sacred

Answer 6

something set apart out of respect, reverence, or dear, something holy

Question 7

sacrifice

Answer 7

offering representing one’s deepest devotion and commitment

Question 8

scripture

Answer 8

holy writing of various religions

Question 9

tradition

Answer 9

something that is passed on or handed down because of its value or importance

Question 10

Insider or Emic perspective

Answer 10

the view of the practitioners of the religion

Question 11

Outsider or etic perspective

Answer 11

the view from the outside (academic or non-practitioner)

Question 12

What are the fundamentals of religion?

Answer 12

• powerful gods,
• sacred places,
• a life of some kind after death,
• and the presence in the physical world of spirits that interact with humans in various ways (TB)

Question 13

Axis Mundi

Answer 13

“world axis” refers to the symbolic link between the sky and the earth

Question 14

Phenomenology

Answer 14

investigation of a phenomena or observable object; facts and events of religion.

Question 15

Verstehen

Answer 15

Empathetic understanding of human behaviour

Question 16

Karma

Answer 16

Principle of cause and effect
- what goes around comes around
- action

Question 17

Reincarnation/Samsara

Answer 17

Cycle of birth (death and rebirth)

Question 18

Moksha

Answer 18

Liberation from Samsara

Question 19

What is Hinduism

Answer 19

Loosely defined term used to describe the vast array of the beliefs and practices of the people of South Asia

Question 20

Who is SDB

depends on who you ask

Answer 20

(Supreme Divine Being) Brahma

Question 21

Varna system

Answer 21

social division of labour

Question 22

Four classes

Answer 22

1. Brahmins – priests (important in maintaining
   order)
2. Kshatriyas – rulers/warriors
3. Vaishyas – pastoralists/agriculturalists
4. Shudras – commoners

Question 23

Vedas

Answer 23

four collections of Hymns that were revealed to Rishis (enlightened beings)

Question 24

Shruti

Answer 24

“that which is heard”

Question 25

Dharshana

Answer 25

The experience people seek when they go to the temple

Question 26

What are the four Vedic collections?

Answer 26

1. Rig 2. Sama 3. Yajur 4. Atharva (magic and healing present in this collection)

Question 27

What are the four parts of each collection?

Answer 27

1. Samhitas (Hymns) 2. Brahmanas (how to preform sacred rituals) 3. Aranyakas (composition of the forest, you need to be a monk who has renounced things to understand) 4. Upanishads (philosophical works)

Question 28

Brahman and Atman

Answer 28

Supreme being and human soul

Question 29

what does Vedas mean?

Answer 29

Knowledge

Question 30

Smriti

Answer 30

Recollection

Question 31

Faultless

Answer 31

understood as representing eternal sound, eternal words

Question 32

Purusha Sukta

Answer 32

Hymns to the supreme person

Question 33

Yajna

Answer 33

ritual sacrifice

Question 34

Rta

Answer 34

"right way" "cosmic order"

Question 35

Puja

Answer 35

prayer

Question 36

what are the 3 types of smritis?

Answer 36

1. Epic (itihasas) 2. Ancient stories (puranas) 3. Codes of law and ethics (dharmashastras)

Question 37

Upanishads

Answer 37

sitting near the teacher

Question 38

Vendanta

Answer 38

the end (anta) of the Vedas

Question 39

Punya

Answer 39

Good meritorious (to be born in a good situation)

Question 40

Pap

Answer 40

evil or sinful (to be experience painful effects)

Question 41

Neti, Neti (used to describe Brahman)

Answer 41

"is not this, is not that"

Question 42

Dharmashastras

Answer 42

Codes of law and ethics

Question 43

Itihasas

Answer 43

scriptures of written descriptions of important events in hinduism

Question 44

Puranas

Answer 44

ancient stories, also Where mythologies and gods come from

Question 45

Dharma

Answer 45

religious and social duty, including both righteousness and faith; morality; law

Question 46

Varnashramadharma

Answer 46

duty of acting in one's accordance with their position in society (Varna) and stages of life of life (ashrama)

Question 47

Jati

Answer 47

"birth group"

Question 48

Avarna

Answer 48

without caste (same as untouchables)

Question 49

Harijans

Answer 49

people of god (brahmins)

Question 50

Dalits

Answer 50

oppressed, downtrodden (either come from mixed marriages or lower classes)

Question 51

4 aims of human life

Answer 51

1. Dharma: righteousness 2. Artha: material prosperity - accumulate wealth but don't get greedy 3. Kama: pleasure 4. Moksha: liberation

Question 52

Bhakti

Answer 52

love, devotion, devotional worship, typically of a personal god

Question 53

Bhakti Marga

Answer 53

path of loving devotion

Question 54

Sants

Answer 54

"holy person" or "truth" (Nirguna)

Question 55

Nirguna

Answer 55

"formless god"

Question 56

Bhaktas

Answer 56

"devotee" or "lover of god" (Saguna)

Question 57

Saguna

Answer 57

"god with form and attributes"

Question 58

North Indian Bhakti Poets

Answer 58

1. Ravidas 2. Kabir 3. Sudras 4. Mirabai 5. Tulsidas

Question 59

What is the most important scripture in Hindu tradition

Answer 59

The Bhagavad Gita

Question 60

Karmaphalasange

Answer 60

Karma (action) - Phal (results) - Asange (without attachment)

Question 61

Vishvarupa

Answer 61

Krishna's universal form (the one he revealed to Arujan)

Question 62

Vaishnavism

Answer 62

Vishnu is SDB (Vaishnavas)

Question 63

Shaivism

Answer 63

shiva is SDB (Shaivites)

Question 64

Shaktism

Answer 64

goddess are the SDB (Shaktas)

Question 65

Tilaka

Answer 65

making made with colored power, paste, ash