Midterm 1: Intro to Phys and Homeostasis Flashcards
(42 cards)
What is the study of physiology?
The study of molecules, cells, tissues, organs, organ systems, organisms, and populations of one species. (Function of the body)
What make’s something Teleological?
Understanding the function of why something needs to be done, or why a system exist for a certain purpose.
Q) why does hr increase during exercise?
A) to increase blood flow to muscle trying to work.
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What makes something mechanistic?
Studying how something does it’s function, how the physiological events happen, the response.
Q) How does heart rate increase during exercise?
A) Observed is an increased sympathetic nervous system and decreased parasympathetic nervous system output to the pacemaker cells of the heart
Four themes of physiology
- Structure & function closely related:
Compartmentation
Molecular Interactions - Living organisms need energy
- Info flow coordinates body functions
- Homeostasis maintains internal stability
Homeostasis
Maintaining internal stability that if not achieved can lead to dysfunction, disease and death, the study of pathophysiology (disease)
What would some examples of homeostasis be?
Heart rate increasing-> O2 CO2 exchange
Hunger ->
Getting hot
Feeling thirsty
Increase in respiration rate
How might the body monitor its internal state?
By keeping regulated variables within a desired range of setpoint
What’s an example of a regulated variable?
Body temperature with the setpoint of 98.6.
What might be required by the control system to regulate a variable?
-A sensor/sensory receptors
-Integrating center/integrator this (often being a neuron or endocrine type cell)
-Target (effector)
What are the different control strategies?
Feed forward
Feedback
In what situation is a feedback control strategy needed?
In response to change (extreme in high or low)
- can be negative (restorative)
- can be positive (enhancement)
Tissue Types
- Neural
- Muscle
- Epithelial
- Connective
Structures tissues have
1.Plasma membrane
2.Cytoplasm/ cytosol
3.Organelles
4.Cell junctions
Why do red blood cells transport O2? What is the teleological explanation?
Because red blood cells of the body need O2 for metabolism
Why do red blood cells (RBC) transport oxygen? What is the mechanistic explanation(s)
Because RBC’s have hemoglobin that contains heme units that bind to O2
Because the heart creates a pressure gradient that force’s blood and RBC’s through the cardiovascular system.
Homeostatic Regulated Pathway
Stimulus-> Sensory -> Input Signal -> integrating center -> output signal-> Target-> Response
Sensory in the homeostatic regulated pathway is
Constantly monitoring and reporting on regulated variables
Stimulus in homeostatic regulated pathway ?
Regulated variable deviates from set point
Integrating center in hemostatic regulated pathway?
Evaluates all inputs and send instructions
Main difference between teleological and mechanistic?
Why vs How
What is the target of meaning in hemostatic pathways?
Something that brings about a physiological response best referred to as a effector
Ex: an organ, liver for diabetics
Central receptors
Involve the brain or structures that are close to it. These being the ears, eyes, nose, tongue.
Peripheral receptors
Anything outside the brain
1.Chemoreceptors
2.Osmoreceptors
3.Thermoreceptors
4.Baroreceptors
5.Proprioceptor
6.Mechanoreceptors
Chemoreceptors
(Chemicals, gases, pH)
