Midterm 1: Introduction + Hand Instruments/Sharpening

Question 1

What does IPS stand for?

Answer 1

Integrated Preclinical Sciences

Question 2

Preclinical restorative courses are designed to get you ready for __________.

Answer 2

Clinic

Question 3

What is PRD?

Answer 3

Preventative and Restorative Dentistry

Question 4

What are preventing?

Answer 4

Disease

Question 5

What categories of disease does IPS Operative Dentistry cover?

Answer 5

Primary
Secondary

Question 6

What is primary disease prevention?

Answer 6

prevents disease before it occurs
Ex. fissure sealants, fluoride treatment, etc.

Question 7

What is secondary disease prevention?

Answer 7

Eliminates or reduces disease after it occurs
Ex. composite restorations, amalgam restorations, fillings, etc.

Question 8

Operative Dentistry s the art and science of diagnosing defects of teeth, treatment planning these cases and treating them with ______________ to restore _______, _________, __________, and ________ for the patient.

Answer 8

direct restorations

comfort
health
function
esthetics

Question 9

What are the parts of a bur?

Answer 9

Head
Neck
Shank

Question 10

What does the head of a bur do?

Answer 10

Part of bur that cuts/polishes/finishes
variety of shapes/sizes/materials

Question 11

What is the neck of a bur?

Answer 11

Part of bur that tapers to connect shank to head

Question 12

What is the shank of a bur?

Answer 12

Part of bur that is inserted into the handpiece

Question 13

How do you grab/hold the handpiece?

Answer 13

modified pen grasp

Question 14

What is the length of a 330 bur?

Answer 14

1.5 mm

Question 15

What is the main characteristic of the hatchet?

Answer 15

2 cutting edges:
Primary cutting edge
Secondary cutting edge

Question 16

What is the 3/4 number designation?

Answer 16

Used to describe the measurements of the instruments

Question 17

What does the first number mean in the 3 Number Designation?

Answer 17

1st number: WIDTH OF THE BLADE IN TENTHS OF A MM
Ex. 15-8-14 Hatchet
Hatchet is 1.5 mm wide

Question 18

What does the second number mean in the 3 Number Designation?

Answer 18

2nd number: LENGTH OF THE BLADE IN MM
Ex. 15-8-14 Hatchet
Hatchet is 8 mm long

Question 19

What does the third number mean in the 3 Number Designation?

Answer 19

3rd number: ANGLE BLADE FORMS WITH HANDLE
Ex. 15-8-14 Hatchet
14º angle

Question 20

What does the first number mean in the 4 Number Designation?

Answer 20

1st number: WIDTH OF THE BLADE IN TENTHS OF A MM
Ex. 15-98-10-14
blade is 1.5 mm in width

Question 21

What does the second number mean in the 4 Number Designation?

Answer 21

2nd number: ANGLE OF CUTTING EDGE WITH HANDLE
Ex. 15-98-10-14
Blade forms 98º angle with the blade

Question 22

What does the third number mean in the 4 Number Designation?

Answer 22

3rd number: LENGTH OF BLADE IN MM
Ex. 15-98-10-14
10mm blade length

Question 23

What does the fourth number mean in the 4 Number Designation?

Answer 23

4th number: ANGLE OF BLADE WITH HANDLE

Question 24

What is the diameter/length of the Stevenson #1 end?

Answer 24

0.4mm diameter
1.5mm long

Question 25

What is the diameter/length of the Stevenson #2 end?

Answer 25

0.75mm diameter 2.0 mm long

Question 26

What is the diameter/length of the Stevenson #3 end?

Answer 26

1.0mm diameter 3.0 mm long

Question 27

What must you do to the stone prior to sharpening?

Answer 27

Lubricate it

Question 28

What is the diameter/length of the Stevenson #4 end?

Answer 28

1.5 mm diameter 4.0 mm long

Question 29

When sharpening the instrument, the instrument should be held ____________ (vertically/horizontally) with the bevel _____________ (up/down).

Answer 29

horizontally down

Question 30

What are the 8 structures within teeth?

Answer 30

1. alveolar bone 2. gingiva 3. dentin 4. enamel 5. pulp 6. cementum 7. periodontal ligament 8. apical foramen

Question 31

Enamel is almost completely ___________.

Answer 31

mineral (hydroxyapatite)

Question 32

What is hydroxyapatite?

Answer 32

1. crystalline calcium 2. phosphate 3. water 4. fluoride 5. carbonate *6. small amount of structural collagen

Question 33

What is the basic unit of enamel?

Answer 33

hydroxyapatite crystallite

Question 34

Enamel is stacked together in enamel _____ which have a roughly cylindrical shape. The spaces between the cylinders are occupied with similar crystallites in a ____________ orientation.

Answer 34

rods perpendicular/irregular

Question 35

The enamel rods are oriented lengthwise from the ______ to the _________.

Answer 35

DEJ tooth surface

Question 36

What is enamel composition?

Answer 36

1. Mineral 2. Protein/lipid 3. Water

Question 37

Apatite is a ____________ group. Two types of apatite is ___________ and _________.

Answer 37

Mineral (Ca5(PO4)3) hydroxyapatite fluorapatite

Question 38

Hydroxyapatite is a _____________ packed into ___________ in enamel.

Answer 38

hexagonal crystallite rods

Question 39

Each enamel rod is ______________-shaped and has a head and a tail.

Answer 39

Key-hole

Question 40

TRUE OR FALSE Hydroxyapatite is present in both dentin and enamel.

Answer 40

TRUE

Question 41

Enamel rods are formed by cells called ___________.

Answer 41

ameloblasts

Question 42

What is carbonate-substituted hydroxyapatite (CHA) and what is its function?

Answer 42

Naturally occurring version of apatite increases the solubility of hydroxyapatite EASIER TO DECAY

Question 43

Enamel rods and crystallites make a key hole shape. The circular top of the keyhole is formed by a(n) ___________ rod and the bottom part is the ______________.

Answer 43

enamel crystallites

Question 44

TRUE OR FALSE Unit cell (hydroxyapatite) --> crystallite --> enamel rod or prism

Answer 44

TRUE

Question 45

The tails of enamel rods tend to be more ________ and have less __________ content, which means it is ______________ (easier/harder) to decay.

Answer 45

organic mineral easier

Question 46

Enamel rods start at the _______________.

Answer 46

Dentino-enamel Junction (DEJ)

Question 47

What is the composition of dentin?

Answer 47

1. Mineral 2. Organic collagen 3. Water

Question 48

What is the DEJ?

Answer 48

The interface between dentin and enamel

Question 49

Where does enamel and dentin begin their formation at?

Answer 49

DEJ

Question 50

What are dentinal tubules?

Answer 50

Tunnels from pulp towards DEJ Larger/more numerous near pulp Fluid filled

Question 51

At DEJ, dentinal tubules are more ____________(moist/dry) and near the pup are more _______________ (moist/dry) and ___________ (wide/narrow).

Answer 51

dry moist wide

Question 52

What is inter-tubular dentin?

Answer 52

mineralized matrix between the dentinal tubules

Question 53

What proteins are in inter-tubular dentin?

Answer 53

1. Collagen 2. Enzymes (MMP)

Question 54

What is MMP?

Answer 54

Matrix metalloproteinase concern for dentin bonding

Question 55

What forms dentin?

Answer 55

Odontoblasts dentin-forming cells lay down secondary dentin susceptible to injury from heat and toxins

Question 56

Where are odontoblasts in dentin tubules?

Answer 56

at the bottom of the dentin tubules closer to the outer surface of the pulp

Question 57

What are odontoblastic processes?

Answer 57

extensions of odontoblasts into dentinal tubules end SHORT of the DEJ

Question 58

What is predentin?

Answer 58

Layer of immature dentin Layer of mineralized and cellular tissue surrounding pulp (less mineralized than dentin

Question 59

Predentin is _________ (more/less) mineralized than dentin and more _________ (opaque/translucent) .

Answer 59

less opaque

Question 60

What is the function of sensory nerves?

Answer 60

Monitor fluid changes in dentinal tubules

Question 61

What is pulp?

Answer 61

Nerve/circulatory connective tissue immune cells