Midterm 1 Review

Question 1

Hemingway - On the Quai at Smyrna (1925)

Answer 1

Short story - focus on the experiences of lived national self determination struggle/forced relocation of certain groups

Question 2

Baran - From Ottomans to Atatürk

Answer 2

Turkish identity based on citizenship - Din w devlet

Question 3

Fromkin - Settlement of ME Question

Question 4

Neep - What Have Ottomans Ever Done for Us?

Question 5

Wick - Conceptual Approach to the Tanzimat

Answer 5

Duality of the Tanzimat - first promoting Islamic reform and then promoting secular reform

Question 6

Khan - The Caliphate Question

Question 7

Smith - The Nation Real or Imagined?

Question 8

Roberts - Flawed Principle of National Self Determination

Question 9

Zurcher - Turkey A Modern History

Answer 9

Abdulhamid II appealed to Muslim solidarity; anti imperialist struggle

Question 10

Endelman - States in the Ottoman System

Answer 10

Tier I states: Egypt, Lebanon, Algeria, Saudi Arabia, Tunisia;Tier II states: Iraq, Jordan, Syria, Palestine

Question 11

Sharkey - Late Ottoman Millets and Post Ottoman Minorities

Answer 11

Post WW1 “minority” definition contained threads from old millet patterns; Internal and external emphasis on religion

Question 12

Wempe - Understanding the Mandate System

Answer 12

Mandates as form of international imperialism; protecting imperial civilizing mission; uplift these nations through western ideals

Question 13

Pedersen - An International Regime in the Age of an Empire

Answer 13

Mandatory power was viewed as a new form of, not an alternative to, imperial rule; restrictions were placed on these territories to further the civilizing mission

Question 14

Akin - The Ottoman Empire: The Mandate that Never Was

Answer 14

Pro mandate Ottomans; want US as mandatory power

Question 15

Danforth - Turkey’s New Maps Reclaim Ottoman Empire

Answer 15

Turkish irredentism to replicate 1920 National Pact borders - Neo Ottomanism

Question 16

Forman - Settlement of Title Galilee

Answer 16

Israeli land officials did not want to improve the status of Palestinian farms - instead strove to maximize the land allotted to state/JNF ownership; limit adverse possession of land to Arabs

Question 17

How 5 Countries Could Become 14 - NYT

Answer 17

Suggested remappings of the ME generally do not address issues at the root

Question 18

Forever Allon Plan (Carnegie Endowment for Peace)

Answer 18

Autonomy for Palestinians under political oversight of Israel without recognition of national rights

Question 19

Tilsen - Ottoman Land Registration Laws and Israel

Answer 19

Ottoman land laws; often land not registered in the name of rightful owner - either to evade conscription/taxes or because notables registered all land in their name

Question 20

Yehoshua - Facing the Forest

Answer 20

Short story on reforestation - allegory for Israeli-Palestinian relations and how the Palestinian identity/history is erased from Israeli consciousness

Question 20

Said - Orientalism

Answer 20

Orientalism 3 prongs: scholarly tradition/practice, binary logic of opposing orient and occident, corporate institution for managing the orient

Question 20

Beydoun-Choudhury Intro Islamophobia and the Law

Answer 20

Islamophobia definition expanded to include how state actors create Islamophobia - Islam as culturally incompatible with the West

Question 20

Mutman - “From Orientalism to Islamophobia”

Answer 20

Native orientalism - seeing the west as superior and above; creation of Islam as a security threat

Question 20

Bell - France, Islamophobia and Antisemitism

Answer 20

Islamophobia and Anti Semitism exist on same spectrum of economic insecurity; islamophobia manifests by seeing the rise of Muslims in the middle class

Question 20

Liberation of Women - Qasim Amin

Answer 20

Presenting ideas as feminist but very surface level; native reproduction of colonial ideas

Question 20

Discourse of the Veil - Leila Ahmed.

Answer 20

Purporting feminism to serve colonial purposes; veil as form of resistance of western domination

Question 21

Badran - Between Secular and Islamic Feminisms

Answer 21

Islamic feminism based on ideas of Quran and hadith; secular feminism arising from numerous ideas

Question 22

The Subject of Freedom from Politics of Piety, p. 1-17 - Saba Mahmood

Answer 22

Inhabiting norms vs resisting norms - different forms of resistance

Question 23

First Report on Algeria - Alexis De Tocqueville

Answer 23

France should have complete control of government but locals to rule over the lower levels of administration; not in agreement with ideas of proportional response/just war thereom

Question 24

Fanon - On Violence

Answer 24

Violence as necessary in order to resist colonial powers

Question 25

Mishra - Frantz Fanon’s Enduring Legacy

Answer 25

Referred to colonialism as a machine of "naked violence" - western ideology rooted in white supremacy; curse of independence

Question 26

Alloula-Colonial Harem

Answer 26

Postcards as movement of ideas; unveiling the Algerian woman; dispossessing/possessing the "gazing gaze"