Midterm 1 Review

Question 1

Types of Fibrous Joints

Answer 1

Sutures, Syndesmosis, Gomphoses (Teeth)

Question 2

Example and Function of Suture

Answer 2

Synarthrodial, skull

Question 3

Examples and Function of Syndesmosis

Answer 3

Distal Ends of Tibia/Fibula, Radius/Ulna (Amphiarthrodial)

Question 4

Examples of Cartilaginous Joints

Answer 4

Symphysis

Question 5

Examples of symphysis, function

Answer 5

Pubic Symphysis, Between Vertebrae, Amphiarthrodial

Question 6

Synarthrodial Cartilaginous Joint

Answer 6

Connection between first rib and sternum

Question 7

Examples of Ball and Socket

Answer 7

Shoulder and Hip

Question 8

Ellipsoid or Condyloid Joint

Answer 8

Between metacarpals and phalanges, between radius and carpals

Question 9

Plane or Gliding Joint

Answer 9

Carpals, Tarsals, Vertebral Facets, Sacrum/Iliac, Ribs 2-7 and sternum, acromioclavicular, sternoclavicular

Question 10

Hinge Joint

Answer 10

Elbow, ankle, phalanges

Question 11

Pivot Joint

Answer 11

Atlas rotates around dens of axis, proximal ends of radius and ulna

Question 12

Saddle Joint

Answer 12

Thumb, sternocalvicular

Question 13

Nucleus Pulpous

Answer 13

Gelatinous interior of disc

Question 14

Anulus Fibrosis

Answer 14

Fibrous exterior of disc

Question 15

Three types of risk factors for osteoporosis

Answer 15

Genetic, Lifestyle, Nutritional

Question 16

What does estrogen affect

Answer 16

Promote calcium retention, inhibit PTH

Question 17

What does calcitonin affect

Answer 17

Inhibit osteoclasts, facilitate osteoblasts

Question 18

Function of growth hormone

Answer 18

Facilitate osteoblasts, close growth plate

Question 19

Aspects of Training to Improve Bone Health

Answer 19

Specificity, Overload, Individualization, Reversibility

Question 20

Medications that cause osteoporosis

Answer 20

Corticosteroids, Anticonvulsants, Thyroid Hormone Replacement, Immunosuppressant Drugs, Warfarin

Question 21

Proportions of Matrix

Answer 21

25% water, 25% collagen fiber, 50% mineral salts (hydroxyapetite)

Question 22

Functions of calcium

Answer 22

Clotting, nerve impulse, muscle contractjon

Question 23

Frequency of gas in red blood cells

Answer 23

Oxygen, Carbon Dioxide, Hydrogen

Question 24

Makeup of Hydroxyapetite

Answer 24

Calcium Phosphate and Calcium Hydroxide

Question 25

Endochondral Ossification

Answer 25

Growth plate ossification

Question 26

Intermembranous Ossification

Answer 26

Ossification in flat bones

Question 27

Catabolism

Answer 27

Break down complex molecules

Question 28

Anabolism

Answer 28

Build complex molecules

Question 29

Marrow In Adults

Answer 29

Primarily yellow, red found in epiphyses and short bones

Question 30

Marrow in Children

Answer 30

Mostly red marrow stored everywhere

Question 31

Age of Peak Bone Mass

Answer 31

Around 30

Question 32

Who is most affected by stress reactions/fractures

Answer 32

Young people, athletes

Question 33

What type of joint is most affected by osteoarthritis

Answer 33

Larger joints, synovial

Question 34

Three types of medication for osteoporosis

Answer 34

Biphosphonates, Fake Estrogen (Receptor), Estrogen Implant

Question 35

Osteolysis

Answer 35

Resorption

Question 36

Osteogenesis

Answer 36

Deposition

Question 37

Most prevalent osteoporosis age

Answer 37

Elderly above 60

Question 38

Hyaline Cartilage

Answer 38

Articular cartilage, cartilaginous joint

Question 39

Dense Connective Tissue

Answer 39

Tendons, ligaments, Fibrous Membrane, Fibrous Joints

Question 40

Loose Connective Tissue

Answer 40

Synovial Membrane

Question 41

Fibrocartilage

Answer 41

Absorbs shock, menisci, labrum, intervertebral discs, cartilaginous joint

Question 42

Characteristics

Answer 42

Metabolism, Responsiveness, Movement, Growth, Reproduction, Differentiation, Respiration, Digestion, Absorption, Circulation, Assimilation, Excretion

Question 43

Functions of Skeletal System

Answer 43

Support and Protection, Movement, Hematopoiesis, Mineral and Lipid Storage