Midterm 1 Terms Review Flashcards
(50 cards)
1
Q
Federal/National Government
A
- National Defense
- Foreign Affairs
- Immigration
- Currency
- National Infastructure
- Government Programs
- Environmental Protection
2
Q
State/Provincial Government
A
- Education
- Criminal Law and Justice
- Commerce
- State Level Taxes
3
Q
Local/Municipal Government
A
- Local Law Enforcement
- Emergency Services
- Public Transportation
- Load Maintenance
- Waste Management
4
Q
Policy Conservatism
A
- Maintain Existing Policy
- Tradition, Stability, gradualism
- Limited Government
5
Q
Policy Liberalism
A
- Individual Freedom
- Government intervention to address issues
- Reforms
- Social Services
6
Q
National Revenue
A
- Federal Income Tax
- Social Insurance Taxes
- Excuse Taxes
- Corporate Taxes
- Fees
7
Q
State Revenue
A
- Federal Funding
- Income Tax
- Sales Tax
- Corporate Taxes
- Gambling
- Fees
- Investment
8
Q
Local Revenue
A
- Property Taxes
- Local Sales Tax
- Fees and charges
- Property Development Fees
9
Q
Federalism
A
- Power is shared between the national and state government
10
Q
Unitary
A
- Power is centralized in the national government only
11
Q
Confederation
A
- States coming together while keeping their own power and sovereignty
12
Q
Laboratories of Democracy
A
- States are testing grounds for Policy experimentation, lab rats
13
Q
Nullification
A
- States attempting to not follow a federal law/policy
14
Q
Enumerated/Delegated Powers
A
- Specific powers granted by the Constitution
15
Q
Implied Powers
A
- From the Elastic Clause, Necessary and Proper Clause
- Allow the government to adapt to changing circumstances
- Judicial Review
16
Q
10th Amendment
A
- Powers not delegated to the national government fall on the states
17
Q
Marbury v. Madison (1803)
A
- Established Judicial Review
18
Q
McCulloch v. Maryland (1819)
A
- Implied Powers
- Supremacy Clause
- Ability for Congress to charter a Bank
19
Q
Federal Grants-in-aid
A
- Financial assistance provided by the federal government
- Categorical Grants: specific purpose/program
- Block grants: Less Oversight, free money
- Formula grants: Need/Demand Based
- Project Grants: Competitive
- Matching grants: Match funding, receive 5, use 5 of your own
20
Q
Mandates
A
- National government ordering states to implement policy/programs
- Unfunded: States Expense
- Funded: Federal Financial Assitance
21
Q
Preemption
A
- Higher level of government overrides smaller government
- Supremacy Clause
22
Q
State Constitutions Organization
A
- Preamble: Founding Principles
- Bill of Rights: Rights and Liberties
- Structure/Branches of Government
- Local Government
- Taxation
- Amendment Process
- Provisions
23
Q
Constitutionalism
A
- Law of the Land
- Limited Government
- Protecting of Rights and Liberties
- Democratic Governance
24
Q
Length of State Constitutions
A
- Some states lack a certain clause that gives them implied powers
- This requires that they make an amendment for every power they wish to have
- Amending a new amendment is often easier than replacing/removing an old one
25
Power of Local Governments
- Derive their power from state governments
26
State Amending Constitution
- Proposal
- Legislative Approval
- Referendum: ballot
- Approval by Voters
- Publication
27
Counties Functions
- Courts, Jails, Law Enforcement
- Public Health, Social Services
- Roads and Transportation
- Land Use
- Property Assessment
- Emergency Management
28
Cities Functions
- Local Government Administration
- Public Safety
- Utilities and INfastruscture
- Planning and Development
- Community Services
29
Special Districts
- Provide specific services
- School Districts: Education
- Water/Sewage
- Park/Recreation
30
Elections
- At-Large: Representatives for entire jurisdictions
- Single-Member: Small area, used for large jurisdictions
- General: President
- Primary: Party Candidates
- Special: Suddent Vacancy
- Runoff
- Referendums and Initiatives: voters directly participate
- Recall: Recall an elected official before term is over
31
Moralistic
- Government Assistance
- Mass Participation
- Smaller Towns
- Government Good, help man be good/civil society
32
Individualistic
- Supply and Demand
- Government only needed to handle problems when people demand it
- Less reliance on government
33
Traditionalistic
- Does not stress mass participation
- Government by the elite, governing the masses
- Social networking
34
Texas Political Culture
- Mix of individualistic and traditionalistic
- East Trad
- West Indi
- No Campaign Contribution Limit
- Low Tax, Low Service
- Dominate by business and special interest
35
Philosophy of Texas Consitution
- Poorly Documented
- Overamended
- Micromanages
- Easy to Amend, hard to overhaul
36
Historical Development of the Texas Constitution
- Constitution of Coahuila y Tejas, 1827: 1st Ever, Federalist System, Popular vote, Mexican tradition
- Republic of Texas, 1836: Inspired by U.S. Constitution, president, self-government
- Texas State Constitution, 1845: Texas joins the U.S., bicameral legislature and governor
- 1846 Ratified Constitution: state government
- Confederate Constitution of 1861: Suceding from union, protected slavery
- Constitution of 1866 Reconstruction Constitution: Reconstruction Era, civil rights, abolish slavery, equality
37
Political Climate of the Constitutional Convention of 1875
- In the Reconstruction Era, republicans had temporary control.
- Texans were unable to run for office
38
Texas vs National Bill of Rights
- Share a lot of similarities
- Texas has more material tailored specifically for Texans
- Broader Protections by Texas
39
Texas Statehood Annexation
- Texas would become a state in the U.S.
- Retain Public Lands
- US would assume Texas Debt
- Texas gives up claims outside the territory
- Texas keeps military installations
- Right to divide into 4 additional states
- Texas Voter Approval
40
Amending National Constitution
- Proposal: 2/3 vote in the House of representatives and the Senate. or 2/3 of the state legislature for the national convention
- Ratification: 3/4 state legislature, 3/4 state ratyfing conventions
- Congressional Approval for National Conventions:
41
Amending Texas Constitution
- Proposal: 2/3 vote in both chambers of Texas legislature and a majority in both statewide referendum
- Ratification: Texas voters approve in general election
42
Federation over time
- Regular Federalism
- Then duel federalism
- cooperative federalism
- new federalism
43
Dual Federalism
- Both State and National remain supreme in their own spheres, each responsible for some policies
44
Cooperative Federalism
- Powers and policy assignments are shared between state and national government
45
Fiscal Federalism
- Spending, taxing, and providing grants in the federal system. Reliance on the federal government
46
Mayor-Council System
- Elected Mayor who is CEO for city government, veto power, etc
- Council, elected representatives, legislative body
47
Council-Manager System
- Council is the legislature, but a manager is chosen by the council to lead departments.
48
Commission System
- Led by multiple Commissioners, who serve as both legislative and executive branches
- Specific areas
49
16th Amendment
- Congress has the power to levy an income tax
50
17th Amendment
- Direct Election of Senators
