Midterm

Question 1

Biomes

Answer 1

most fundamental unit of ecological hierarchy

Plants and animals that make up an ecosystem, ie. tundra or forest.

Question 2

Anthropogenic Biomes

Answer 2

areas that have been shaped and managed by humans in the past

Question 3

3/4 of the world is considered to be _____ __ ______

Answer 3

modified by humans

Question 4

Ethnoecology

Answer 4

study of interactions between people and the ecosystems they inhabit; how knowledge develops on landscapes and how cultural knowledge develops onto that landscape

Question 5

Ethnoecology is ___-____, ____, and ____

Answer 5

place-based, local and holistic

Question 6

What are the 2 different perspectives?

Answer 6

Emic and Etic

Question 7

What is an Etic approach?

Answer 7

Using an outside approach to study a culture– usually this is measured against or within the bounds of western scientific understanding.

Question 8

What is an Emic approach?

Answer 8

representation of local understandings and perspectives within their own contexts; ie. the perception of a behaviour or belief from a person within a culture

Question 9

What is it called when people ground their understanding of the world in storytelling and how that relates to harvests and natural events?

Answer 9

Folk Taxonomy

Question 10

What does an Ethnoecological approach try and connect?

Answer 10

Interested in documenting relationships and understanding the interconnectedness of ecosystems.

Question 11

What does the ethnosphere ideally coevolve with?

Answer 11

The biosphere

Question 12

Ethnosphere

Answer 12

accumulated knowledge, practice, experience and understanding comprising cultural systems

Question 13

What are the 2 facets of TEK?

Answer 13

1. Philosophy and worldview, 2. Resource use and sustainability

Question 14

How is TEK often transmitted?

Answer 14

Orally– often through stories by elders

Question 15

Western science tends to look at things ____

Answer 15

globally

Question 16

Western science

Answer 16

looks at things globally, looks for universal application, generalizing theories and commonality between humans everywhere through time

Question 17

What are the 3 levels of plant management?

Answer 17

1. population level 2. habitat level 3. landscapes

Question 18

Selective harvesting

Answer 18

increases capacity for propagation which allows increased harvesting with maintained productivity

Question 19

Ethnobotany studies the relationship between ____ and ___

Answer 19

people and plants

Question 20

Participatory research emphasizes _____ _______ and ____-____ _______.

Answer 20

community participation and place-based knowledge

Question 21

Participatory research focuses on research that the ____ wants done

Answer 21

community

Question 22

Domesticating landscapes

Answer 22

plants and environmental manipulated through integrated cultural processes by Indigenous peoples

Question 23

Deep management

Answer 23

ancient lessons are embedded in world views, wisdom and metaphors that’re passed down

Question 24

Human fostering

Answer 24

increase output of desired/ useful resources by improving natural conditions

Question 25

Sustainable harvesting involves taking resources from ___, ___ trees, shrubs and herbaceous perennials in ways that allowed them to continue producing resources

Answer 25

living, growing

Question 26

Biocultural diversity involves looking at relationships between ____, _____ and ____

Answer 26

biodiversity, culture and language

Question 27

Cultural determinism surrounds the idea that humans also ____ landscapes and that culture isn't _____.

Answer 27

shape, predetermined

Question 28

subset of biodiversity that’s connected with agricultural systems

Answer 28

agrobiodiversity

Question 29

reconnecting with places and animals as well as practicing traditional practices

Answer 29

Indigenous resurgence

Question 30

___-intensity fires are not intentional and involve damaging the canopy

Answer 30

high

Question 31

large-scale intentional burning

Answer 31

landscape burning/ Low-intensity burns

Question 32

What are some of the benefits of low-intensity burns?

Answer 32

Prevents wildfires through removal of easily burnable materials/species, balances soil pH, makes plants more resistant to fire

Question 33

What are species that are important to an ecosystem, but are not considered keystone called?

Answer 33

Foundational species

Question 34

What is kincentricity?

Answer 34

the idea that everything is related to one another

Question 35

Difference between Inhabitants and Residents?

Answer 35

Inhabitants live in one location for a prolonged period and are shaped by the landscape, while residents live in a location for shorter terms.

Question 36

The establishment of parks intended for them to be ____ _____

Answer 36

passed through

Question 37

centres of power, made for settlers (city planning, cities seen as living organisms with dangers to be removed)

Answer 37

Municipal colonialism

Question 38

the biological knowledge of a particular ethnic groups (interrelationships), important source of medicine, crops, conservation

Answer 38

Ethnobiology