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Behavior Modification > Midterm > Flashcards

Midterm Flashcards

(75 cards)

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1
Q

Overt vs Covert

A

Overt- behavior that can be seen by others

Covert- cannot be seen by others

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2
Q

Pavlov’s work

A

Classical conditioning w/ dogs

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3
Q

Thorndike’s work

A

law of effect- cat box

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4
Q

Watson’s work

A

Stimulus response - little albert

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5
Q

Skinner’s work

A

Operant conditioning - rat boxes

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6
Q

Deficit

A

Lack of something- studying, exercising, etc

Reinforce

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7
Q

Excess

A

Too much of something bad- drinking, smoking

Punish

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8
Q

Goal setting types

A

Frequency, duration, intensity

Should be achievable, monitored, visible

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9
Q

Short Circuiting

A

Cutting corners-

Forgetting to write down the French fries you ate, etc

Can enlist a manager so you don’t short circuit

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10
Q

Self monitoring bias

A

Similar to short circuiting

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11
Q

Behavioral assessment

A

Antecedents, behavior, consequence

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12
Q

Natural reinforcement, intrinsic reward natural monitoring

A

Over time you will have an intrinsic reward and you will be better at self monitoring

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13
Q

Functional assessment

A

An assessment of the contingencies responsible for behavioral problems

Antecedents and consequences

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14
Q

Questions for functional assessment

A

Problem behavior? Antecedents? Consequences?
Possible alternative behaviors?
What is motivating the behavior? Reinforcing it?
What has been tried before?

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15
Q

Social vs automatic

A

Social pressure/ wanting something from others

The behavior is reinforcing/ intrinsic

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16
Q

Social positive reinforcement example

A

attention

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17
Q

Social negative reinforcement

A

Escaping

Stopping distracting attention from someone

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18
Q

Automatic positive reinforcement example

A

Sensory stimulation

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19
Q

Automatic negative reinforcement

A

escape from negative conditions

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20
Q

Direct Assessment

A

Record when behavior is happening

More accurate

Most behavior modification

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21
Q

Indirect Assessment

A

Not direct observation

Happens after behaviors occur

Questionarres/ interviews

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22
Q

Continuous recording

A

Best way to observe

Frequency, duration, intensity

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23
Q

Percentage correct recording

A

Number of times the behavior occurs compared to the number of opportunities

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24
Q

Interval recording

A

Record the behavior at different time intervals

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25
Wime sample recording
Interval in which you record only a moment of an interval
26
Product recording
tangible outcome (homework recording)
27
A B Design
Not replicated | Baseline - Intervention
28
ABAB reversal design
Will it reverse after treatment? Is it ethical to remove treatment? Can you?
29
Alternating treatments design
Alternate days with treatment and no treatment
30
Multiple baselines across subjects
Same treatment same behavior, multiple subjects
31
Multiple baselines across behaviors
Same subject, multiple behaviors Baseline and treatment phases for each
32
Multiple baselines across settings
Same subject, same behavior, different settings
33
Contngency
A causal relationship
34
Non contingent
a behavior not caused by something
35
Response contingent
Caused by the response
36
Delay gradient
A delay in the behavior and the response decreases the effectiveness of the consewuence
37
Bribery
Getting a reinforcement before the behavior
38
Negative reinforcement
Taking something (undesirable) away, which increases the good behavior Take slack off the leash if the dog walks close to you Escape contingency
39
Aversive stimulus
Undesirable stimulus Removal increase the likelihood of the behavior Very Ill Advised!!
40
Inappropriate natural contingency
a natural response to a behavior that is not intended to reinforce, but it does
41
Performance management contingency
Naturally reinforce behaviors that you want to see Not intentional, but you still reinforce
42
Primary reinforcement
Naturally unconditioned, has biological importance Food, sex
43
Secondary reinforcement
Have to be trained to respond Money
44
Neutral reinforcement
Tokens, that are exchanged for secondary reinforcement Stamps/ tokens in the classroom
45
Differential Reinforcement of Incompatible behavior
The alrernative behavior is physically imcompatible with the main behavior = want to reinforce that good behavior Cannot happen at the same time
46
Differential Reinforcement of alternative behavior
Increases desirable behavior (reinforcement) while decreasing undesirable behavior (punished) If the desirable behavior happens atleast some of the time, want to increase it
47
Differential Reinforcement of Other Behavior (Zero rate)
Reinforce the absence of a (bad) behavior rather than reinforcing an alternate behavior A form of extinction
48
Momentary zero rate
behavior only has to be absent at the end of the interval
49
Whole interval zero rate
Behavior must be absent for the whole interval
50
Differential Reinforcement of Low Rates of Responding
Reinforce lower rates of (bad) behavior rather than total absence
51
Differential Punishment
Punishing one (bad) behavior and withholding punishment from the other (good behavior) Decreasing one behavior and increasing another
52
Response cost (token economy)
Losing tokens if there is an undesirable behavior
53
Positive punishment
To give something undesirable to decrease a behavior Overcorrection, restraint LAST RESORE IN BEHAVIOR MODIFICATION
54
Negative punishment
To take away a reinforcer to decrease a bad behavior Time outs, response cost
55
Conditioned vs unconditioned punishers
Unconditioned- Punishers that require no conditioning to be effective- painful stimuli Conditioned- Punishers that must be conditioned - stink eye from parent
56
Positive practice (positive punishment)
The person has to practice the correct behavior
57
Restitution (positive punishment)
The person has to correct the behavior and put the environment back to its original form or better Graffiti wall
58
Contingent exercise (positive punishment)
Physical exercise as aversive stumulis
59
Response blocking (positive punishment)
Physically blocking the behavior from happening
60
Restraint (positive punishment)
Making the person immobile from doing the bad behavior
61
Time Outs - exclusionary (negative punishment)
Removal from the reinforcing environment
62
Time outs- non exclusionary (negative punishment)
Removal from reinforcements, but stays in the room
63
Response cost (negative punishment)
Removing a reinforcer because of problem behavior Speeding ticket, allowance loss
64
Extinction
A previously reinforced behavior stops occurring because it is no longer being reinforced Control of the reinforcer Most effective when an alternative behavior is being reinforced
65
Extinction burst
Increase in responding during extinction behavior gets worse before it gets better
66
Spontaneous recovery
Behavior reappears after being extinguished Usually occurs in a similar situation Need to be careful that reinforcers don't occur during spontaneous recovery
67
Positive reinforcement extinction
Removing the positive consequences
68
Negative reinforcement extinction
The aversive (undesired) stimulus no longer allows for escape
69
Recovery
Stopping the punishment of a previously decreased behavior makes the behavior increase in frequency again
70
Shaping
Development of a new behavior by successive reinforcement of closer approximations Successive approximation Unstructured environment
71
Method of shaping
Select final behavior Select starting behavior Select appropriate reinforcer
72
Fading
Gradual change over reinforcers so the behavior continues but without the reinforcers Slowly removing prompts after behavior is established
73
Chaining
Sequence of stimuli and responses the chain on each other, all leading to one end behavior Structured environment
74
Behaviors in the same response class
Share the same function/ reinforcer/ similar in one dimension
75
Differential reinforcement of communication
Person uses communication skills to get the same reinforcement as the problem behavior Learn to ask for what they want

Behavior Modification (1 decks)

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