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PHY-115 TESU > MIDTERM > Flashcards

MIDTERM Flashcards

1
Q

What is the language of science?

A

mathematics

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2
Q

What is the scientific method?

A

1) Recognize a question or a puzzle- such as an unexplained fact
2) Make an educated guess- A hypothesis
3) Predict consequences to the hypothesis
4) Perform experiments or make calculations to test the predictions.
5) Formulate the simplest general rule that organizes the three main ingredients: Hypothesis, Predict effects, and experimental findings.

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3
Q

What is a fact?

A

A close agreement by competent observers who make a series of observations about the same phenomena.

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4
Q

What is a law?

A

When a hypothesis has been tested over and over agian and has not been contradicted, it may become law or principle.

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5
Q

what is a theory?

A

A synthesis of a large body of a large body of information that encompasses well tested and varified hypothosis about surtain aspects of the regular world.

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6
Q

What is inertia?

A

the property of an object to resist change in motion.

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7
Q

What is Newton’s first law?

A

Every object continues in a state of rest or of uniform speed in a straight line unless acted on by a nonzero net force.

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8
Q

What is a force?

A

A push or a pull

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9
Q

What is a NET FORCE?

A

When more than one force is acting on an object.

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10
Q

What is a vector?

A

An arrow drawn to scale used to represent a vector quantity.

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11
Q

What is a vector quantity?

A

A quanity that has both magnitude and direction, such as force.

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12
Q

Scalar quantity?

A

A quantity that has magnitude but not direction, such as volume.

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13
Q

Resultant?

A

The net result of a combination of two or more vectors.

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14
Q

Mechanical equilibrium?

A

the state of an object or system of objects for which there are no changes in motion. in accord with newtons first law, if an object is at rest, the state of rest persist. If an object is moving, its motion continues without change.

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15
Q

Equilibrium rule?

A

For any object or system of objects in equilibrium, the sum of the forces acting equals zero. in the equation form EF=0

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16
Q

Speed?

A

How fast an object moves; the distance traveled per unit of time.

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17
Q

Instantaneous speed?

A

The speed at any instant

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18
Q

Average speed?

A

the total distance traveled divided by the time of travel

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19
Q

Velocity?

A

An object’s speed and direction of motion

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20
Q

Vector quantity?

A

A quantity that has both magnitude and direction

21
Q

Scalar quantity?

A

A quantity that has only a magnitude, not a direction

22
Q

Acceleration?

A

The rate at which velocity changes with time; the change in velocity may be in magnitude, or direction, or both.

23
Q

Free fall

A

Motion under the influence of gravity only.

24
Q

Friction

A

The resistive force that opposes the motion or attempted motion of an object either past another object with which it is in contact or through a fluid.

25
Q

Mass

A

The quantity of matter in an object. More specifically, it is the measure of the inertia or sluggishness that an object exhibits in response to any effort made to start it, stop it, deflect it, or change in any way its state of motion.

26
Q

Weight

A

the force upon an object due to gravity, mg.

27
Q

Kilogram

A

the fundamental SI unit of mass.

28
Q

Newton

A

The SI unit of force.

29
Q

Volume

A

The quantity of space an object occupies

30
Q

Newtons second law.

A

The acceleration of an object is directly proportional to the net force acting on the object, is in the direction of the net force, and is inversely proportional to the mass of the object.

31
Q

Terminal speed

A

the speed at which the acceleration of a falling object terminates because air resistance balances the gravitational force

32
Q

Terminal velocity

A

The terminal speed with direction specified

33
Q

Newtons third law

A

Whenever one object exerts a force on a second object, the second object exerts an equal and opposite force on the first.

34
Q

Components

A

Mutually perpendicular vectors, usually horizontal and vertical, whose vector sum is a given vector.

35
Q

Momentum

A

The product of the mass of an object and its velocity

36
Q

Impulse

A

The product of the force acting on an object and the time during which it acts.

37
Q

Impulse- momentum relationship

A

Impulse is equal to the change in the momentum of the object that the impulse acts upon. in symbolic notation Ft= triangle mv

38
Q

Law of conservation of momentum

A

in the absence of an external force, the momentum of a system remains unchanged. Hence, the momentum before an event involving only internal forces is equal to the momentum after the event

39
Q

Elastic collision

A

A collision in which objects rebound without lasting deformation or the generation of heat.

40
Q

inelastic collision

A

A collision in which objects become distorted, generate heat, and possibly stick together.

41
Q

Work

A

The product of the force and the distance moved by the force. W= Fd

42
Q

Power

A

the time rate of work. Power= work done/ time interval

43
Q

Energy

A

The property of a system the enables it to do work.

44
Q

Mechanical energy

A

Energy due to the position of something of the movement of something

45
Q

Potential energy

A

Energy that something possesses because of its position

46
Q

Kinetic energy

A

Energy that something possesses because of its motion. Kinetic energy = 1/2 mv^2

47
Q

Work- energy theorem

A

the work done on an object equals the change in the kinetic energy of an object.

48
Q

Efficiency

A

the percentage of work put into a machine that is converted into useful work output.

PHY-115 TESU (1 decks)

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