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Intro to the Nonprofit Sector > Midterm > Flashcards

Midterm Flashcards

1
Q

If measured by the total number of organizations, the largest subsector of charitable nonprofits is the ___________ subsector.

A

Human Services

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2
Q

If measured by total revenue, which subsector of charitable nonprofits is the largest?

A

Health Services

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3
Q

Which term identifies organizations that do not have to pay federal income taxes?

A

Tax-exempt

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4
Q

The Internal Revenue Services (IRS) classifies a charitable organization as a : _________________

A

501 (c)(3)

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5
Q

Organizations that operate under both nonprofit and for-profit legal forms are referred to as ___________ organizations.

A

Hybrid

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6
Q

What benefit created by the U.S Congress is intended to encourage charitable giving?

A

Income Tax deductions for gifts

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7
Q

T/F: A Nonprofit classified as 501(c)(3) cannot generate any profits for the organization.

A

False

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8
Q

T/F: Increased government spending on social programs in the 1960s under President Lyndon B. Johnson administration led to the dramatic growth in the nonprofit sector

A

True

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9
Q

T/F: Religious organizations are not considered charitable nonprofits by the Internal Revenue Services

A

False

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10
Q

Managers of Nonprofit organizations measure their success by ________

A

Achieving the mission within financial limits

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11
Q

The double bottom line concept means nonprofit managers must _______

A

Achieve the mission within financial means

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12
Q

The National Taxonomy of Exempt Entities divides nonprofit organizations into categories based on their ________

A

Purposes & activities

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13
Q

A nonprofit that qualifies under Section 501(c)(3) must limit its expenditure on ____________

A

lobbying

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14
Q

The Internal Revenue Service classifies a social welfare organization as a: _________

A

501(c)(4)

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15
Q

Salamon’s anatomy classifies nonprofit organizations by _____________

A

who receives the principal benefit of their activities

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16
Q

The two spectrums that define a social enterprise are philanthropic and _______________

A

Commercial

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17
Q

T/F: A Nonprofit classified as a 501(c)(3) cannot support candidates for public office.

A

True

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18
Q

Sociologists describe nonprofits as ___________

A

Mediating Structures

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19
Q

What theory attributes the existence of nonprofit organizations as filling the gap left by market & government?

A

Failure Theories

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20
Q

A majority of citizens in a community do not agree with a minority of citizens that a local nonprofit organization is needed to serve the needs of homeless citizens. This sentence is an example of ____________

A

Demand Heterogeneity

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21
Q

Lohmann describes a third category of goods as ___________ goods

A

Common

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22
Q

T/F: Nonprofit Organizations differ from government organizations in that they have more flexibility to respond to the needs of diverse groups.

A

True

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23
Q

T/F: The Internal Revenue Service does not allow nonprofits to undertake experimentation concerning the development of new programs.

A

False

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24
Q

T/F: Failure theories suggest governments cannot always pay attention to the needs of all groups.

A

True

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25
Q

Economic theories are used to explain how nonprofit organizations as gap fillers to compensate for failures of the free market and _________

A

Government

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26
Q

Salamon identifies nonprofits as ___________

A

Self-governing

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27
Q

Nonprofit Organizations are driven by __________________

A

The achievement of their missions

28
Q

_______________ enables a nonprofit organization operating as an open system to adapt to changing circumstances

A

Feedback

29
Q

__________________ theory explains the behavior of organizations in terms of their reliance on external constituencies

A

Resource Dependencies

30
Q

A risk of resource dependence is actions taken by the nonprofit to alter its goals to satisfy the contributor of funds. This action is also called ___________

A

Goal Displacement

31
Q

The concept that organizations become more like each other when facing similar environmental influences is called ____________________

A

Isomorphism

32
Q

According to Edgar Schein, logos, ceremonies, and symbols belong to what category of culture?

A

Artifacts and Creations

33
Q

T/F: The term “open systems” means organizations interact with their external enviornments.

A

True

34
Q

In a self-perpetuating board, new members are selected by ______________

A

The existing members of the board

35
Q

Elected boards are MOST common in __________________

A

Member-serving & advocacy organizations

36
Q

Establishing the nonprofit’s mission is the responsibility of the organization’s _____________________

A

board

37
Q

What board duty is defined as “members putting their interests of the organization above their personal interests”?

A

Loyalty

38
Q

A board of directors is debating if a proposed new program falls within the organization’s mission. The board is applying which type of duty?

A

Obedience

39
Q

A Nonprofit Organization’s finance committee is listening to the advice of a financial expert on how to manage the organization’s investments. The board is practicing which duty?

A

Care

40
Q

T/F: Governing Boards have ultimate responsibility for ensuring an organization serves its mission.

A

True

41
Q

T/F: A board governs the Nonprofit organization, while the chief executive officer manages the organization.

A

True

42
Q

T/F: The responsibility of “obedience” means board members need to do what the chief executive officer asks them to do.

A

False

43
Q

Effective Chief Executive Officers focus on _________

A

Key goals, resource, and strategy

44
Q

Leaders who use a political frame are

A

Comfortable with the fact that their interests differ and conflict

45
Q

Which organizational model places the board at the top of the hierarchy and the chief executive officer as an agent?

A

Board-centered leadership

46
Q

The founder found it difficult to turn management of the nonprofit over to a new chief executive officer. The founder was demonstrating _____ syndrome?

A

Founder

47
Q

A CEO’s responsibilities include both managing and leading the organization.

A

True

48
Q

One responsibility of a nonprofit chief executive officer is to select new members of the board of directors.

A

False

49
Q

The effective leader, as defined by Human Resource Frame, searches for an important balance between the goals of the organization and the hopes and aspirations of its members by attending to individual hopes, feelings and preferences, valuing relationships and feeling.

A

True

50
Q

A nonprofit leader had better not take any significant role when the board defines issues and questions of the organization and develops the policy.

A

False

51
Q

In his policy governance mode, Carver argues boards should lead by focusing their attention on establishing _____.

A

Policies

52
Q

A nonprofit board is establishing ground rules regarding what type of fundraising efforts would not be allowed. The board is setting a policy that Carver would refer to as a(n) _____.

A

Means to the end

53
Q

Chait, Ryan, and Taylor suggest nonprofit boards focus their attention on _____.

A

Critical issues facing the organization

54
Q

____ means a person is perceived by the board and others as a principally responsible for the organization’s success or failure.

A

Psychological centrality

55
Q

Who did Herman and Heimovics (CEO’s Centality) say is most often viewed as responsible for the organization’s success or failure?

A

The chief executive officer

56
Q

Chait et al. write that nonprofit boards should manage the organizations they serve.

A

False

57
Q

Carver’s primary concern is to ensure board members focus on developing and maintaining policies and not become mired down in managing operational-level responsibilities.

A

True

58
Q

According to Herzberg, what are hygiene factors that cannot increase or decrease satisfaction, but can affect only the degree of dissatisfaction.

A

Compensation

59
Q

Which theory states that employees working in government hold values that are distinguishable from those working in the private sector.

A

Public Service Motivation

60
Q

When managing employees, nonprofits have an advantage over for-profit companies in ____

A

Motivating their workforces

61
Q

What are advantages that nonprofits have in terms of managing employees over public agencies in

A

Fostering congruence between individual and organizational values

62
Q

Volunteer program managers should develop volunteer _____.

A

Job descriptions

63
Q

Brian volunteers does volunteers work at a three-day book fair once every three years. What type of volunteer is Brian?

A

Episodic

64
Q

Federal employment laws do not apply to nonprofit staff.

A

False

65
Q

Nonprofit workers tend to be more intrinsically motivated, more committed to mission achievement, activism, and social growth than individuals working at for-profit organizations.

A

True

66
Q

One way to effectively manage volunteers is to be aware of what motivates them.

A

True

67
Q

Research studies indicate managers who want to keep volunteers should provide them work deadlines.

A

False

Intro to the Nonprofit Sector (1 decks)

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