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COMM 1101 > Midterm > Flashcards

Midterm Flashcards

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1
Q

Communication Apprehension

A

an individuals level of fear or anxiety associated with either real or anticipated communication with another person or persons

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2
Q

Trait Anxiety

A

genetic, born more anxious, personality, generalizable across contexts and audiences

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3
Q

Context Anxiety

A

“Scene/Setting” Formality)high stakes ex. Job interview, graded) Uncertainty (ability to control the information and how it unfolds) Novelty (overall newness of the setting)

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4
Q

Audience Anxiety

A

Similarity (speaking to peers/similar people or don’t relate to audience)

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5
Q

Relationship Anxiety

A

(power difference) Size (more eyes, more intimidating)

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6
Q

Situational Anxiety

A

“Perfect Storm” Combines context and audience anxiety with element of time

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7
Q

Sympathetic Listening

A

most audiences feel what the speaker is going through, most audiences want the speaker to do well

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8
Q

Illusion of transparency

A

very little of the nervousness and sweaty palms are perceived by the audience

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9
Q

Cognitive Restructuring

A

self-talk (changes the labels you use when talking to yourself. Would you talk to someone else the way you talk to yourself) Visualization (visualizing your success rather than all the possible ways it could go wrong)

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10
Q

Power posing

A

standing in a posture that is mentally associated with being powerful

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11
Q

preparation outline

A

actual practice for speech

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12
Q

presentation outline

A

an organizational plan for speech structure

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13
Q

metadiscourse

A

secondary message elements added to help listeners better understand a speaker’s primary message

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14
Q

Speaking rate

A

no uniform rate for effective speaking, but you should speak not too much faster than your audience is able to listen. Average listening rate is 150-160 words per minute

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15
Q

Articulation

A

enunciate words clearly, opposite is mumbling. Muffling effect occurs with distance. Slowing down can help. *Not the same as pronunciation

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16
Q

Volume

A

how well audiences can hear what you’re saying on a spectrum from quiet to loud (get more invested in the content of the speech, slow down, stand up straight with your shoulders back and your collarbone broadened toward your audience, take deeper breaths)

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17
Q

Pitch

A

how high or low your voice is as you say various words (avoid extremes, keep voice in the center of your face, imagine it’s coming out of the back of your tongue)

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18
Q

Inflection

A

variations in pitch to convey emotional content or meaning in a speech, opposite of being monotone

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19
Q

Darting

A

awkward eye contact

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20
Q

Meandering

A

awkward lower body movement

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21
Q

Fidgeting

A

awkward upper body movement

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22
Q

Manuscript delivery

A

conversational reading of word-for-word script

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23
Q

Memorized delivery

A

word-for-word recitation without a script

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24
Q

Impromptu delivery

A

off-the-cuff with little to no rehearsal and no script or notes

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25
Extemporaneous delivery
a combination of memorized and impromptu
26
voice image
the way that you perceive and believe that others perceive the quality and impact of your voice
27
Vocal variety
how loud or quiet your voice is (volume), as well as the range it travels through (pitch) (high to low), and its quality (tone)
28
Informative speaking
Providing an audience with new and relevant information. Imperative to have a specific purpose (define, describe, or explain)
29
Information
the imparting of knowledge in general; communication of instructive knowledge; communicative activity (sharing a type of knowledge with an audience)
30
Facts
a known and documented occurrence; the result of our capacity to know and understand the world with familiarity gained through experience or association; primary elements that comprise knowledge
31
Defining
the process of giving meaning to a word or idea
32
Logical (abstraction)
A significance assigned to an award.
33
Operational (an idea or concept in practice)
The time you spend practicing a skill.
34
Authority (based on a law or rule)
The athletic administration setting the rules of a sport.
35
Negation (contrasting something to something else)
Football in the United States is different from football in Europe even though they share the same name.
36
By example (a concrete, timely instance)
Tennis players earn fifteen points per score
37
Describing
a set of vivid and concrete details that characterize an object, person, event, or idea
38
Explaining
a statement or account that makes a process or complex concept clearer
39
General purpose
general purpose (informing, persuading)
40
Specific purpose
(conveys the type of information you wish to inform your audience about and how you plan on accomplishing this goal)
41
Informative speaking strategy
the way in which you intend on informing your audience about your specific topic
42
Echo chamber
spaces (physical and digital) where you surround yourself with opinions and beliefs that you already hold, which limits the possibility to learn anything new
43
Scientism
considering things from a scientific viewpoint; the belief that only knowledge obtained through scientific research is valid
44
Pretentious technicality
tendency of making visual aids overly technical and not adapted for nonexpert audiences
45
Informal gathering
direct observation, polling the audience
46
Formal gathering
Surveys, interviews
47
Three major stages of audience analysis
gathering, interpreting, incorporating information
48
inclusive language
"we" and "us"
49
gender neutral language
"people" "individuals" opposed to "you guys"
50
audience
comprised of individuals who are directly or indirectly receiving, engaging, or responding to the speaker's message
51
audience-centered speaking
speakers consider the perspectives, needs, and wants of their audience
52
audience-centered speaking
speakers consider the perspectives, needs, and wants of their audience
53
pandering
the process in which speakers overcompensate and indulge audiences in their presentation by only considering their audience's personal interests, perspectives, and beliefs
54
common ground
describes the ways in which the speaker and audience are like one another
55
stereotypes and "isms"
widely held and oversimplified cultural beliefs about particular people and things. Stereotypes are pervasive and rooted in what we call -isms. -isms refer to a system of beliefs that are rooted in racism, sexism, heterosexism, classism, ableism, etc.
56
Demographic information
race, ethnicity, gender, and sexual preference
57
Demographic information
race, ethnicity, gender, and sexual preference
58
Psychographic information
the psychological information of an audience such as their values, beliefs, attitudes, etc.
59
Positionality/frame of reference
the individual and collective experiences and perspectives a speaker possesses
60
Discreteness
does not overlap with any other main point in the speech
61
Succinctness
simplicity, says all it needs to say in an economical way that can be instantly grasped
62
Coherence
audience can instantly recognize how main points go together
63
Parallelism
giving each statement a similar wording and sentence structure
64
Topical order
examining the component ideas that make up the thesis statement
65
Chronological order
a method of speech organization in which the main points follow a time pattern
66
Spatial order
main ideas have to do with different parts or places
67
Causal order
explaining cause-effect relationships
68
Problem-solution order
discussing a problem of some relevance before proposing a solution based upon this information
69
Linear organization
A speaker can only set out one idea at a time, but these ideas need to be ordered to build into a whole
70
Thesis
The main idea of a message expressed as a proposition or argument.
71
Coordinate ideas
coordinate (ideas of equal rank)
72
subordinate ideas
subordinate (ideas that support others)
73
Ethos
influence of the audience's perceptions of a speaker's character
74
Logos
the motivation that comes from understanding a speech's message content (reasons and evidence)
75
Pathos
influence of the audience's emotions
76
Closure
Use of signposts (verbal and nonverbal markers indicating that the main part of the message is now past, and end is approaching)
77
Summation
might simply sum up or review a message, but it might also add a personal dimension of meaning by summoning the audience to act upon what has been said
78
What are the basic components of an effective oral citation?
2-3 pieces of citational information (publication date, authors name)
79
Signposts
verbal and nonverbal markers indicating that the main part of the message is now past and its end approaching
80
Primacy effect
tendency to remember information at the beginning of a body of information
81
Recency effect
tendency to remember words at the end of a list especially well
82
Passive listening
while listeners are hearing a speech, they may not be actively listening or engaged with your message
83
Rhetoric
the art of speaking or writing effectively
84
Rhetorical situation
the circumstance of an event that consists of an issue (exigence), an audience, and a set of constraints
85
Exigence
problem/need/demand that compels one to speak
86
Salience
speech makes certain things noticeable and important
87
Three steps for oral citations
1. Set-up: orally cite it 2. Execution: present the details of the research 3. Analysis: explain the material in your own words

COMM 1101 (1 decks)

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