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Wool Judging > Midterm > Flashcards

Midterm Flashcards

(81 cards)

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1
Q

Where is the Merino from?

A

Spain

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2
Q

Merino wool characteristics

A

-extremely fine
-tight crimp
-spin count: 64 to 70

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3
Q

Reasons to raise merino

A

premium prices are paid for wool, flocking instinct, flourish in extremes of weather and environment, good mothering ability, ability to breed out of season

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4
Q

Where is the Rambouillet from?

A

France

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5
Q

Rambouillet wool charcateristics

A

-Spin count: 64 to 70
-tight crimp
-very fine

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6
Q

Reasons to raise Rambouillet

A

“dual purpose” breed, out-of-season breeder, adaptable to hot & cold climates

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7
Q

Where is the columbia from?

A

Idaho

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8
Q

Columbia breed history

A

a crossbreed between lincoln rams with Rambouillet ewes
-producers wanted to produce more pounds of wool

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9
Q

Columbia wool charcteristics

A

-high yielding
-long stapled
-very distinct crimp
-spin count: 56-62

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10
Q

Reasons to raise columbia

A

largest white-faced sheep in the world, hardy, fast growing, excellent meat quality, adaptable, excellent maternal instinct, high percentage of twins

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11
Q

Where is the Targhee from?

A

Idaho in the 1920’s

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12
Q

Targhee genetics

A

crossbred ewes, consisting of Rambouillet, lincoln, and Corriedale genetics, were crossed with Rambouillet rams

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13
Q

What is the targhee breed named after?

A

Targhee national forest- where the developing flock had grazed during summer

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14
Q

Targhee wool charcateristics

A

-high yielding
-distinct crimp
-bright white wool
-spin count: 58-62

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15
Q

Where is the corriedale from?

A

New Zealand & Australia during late 1800’s

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16
Q

Corriedale genetics

A

cross of lincoln or leicester rams with merino ewes

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17
Q

Corriedale history

A

distributed worldwide, the greatest population of sheep in south America, 2nd most significant breed after the merino

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18
Q

Corriedale wool characteristics

A

-big, heavy fleeces
-very long staple length
-high yielding
-bold, distinct crimp
-Spin count: 48-56

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19
Q

Corriedale reasons to raise

A

dual purpose, large framed, polled, good carcass quality, well adapted to temperate, higher rainfall zones

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20
Q

Delaine-merino history

A

developed to be a more practical type of sheep for western and southwestern range producers

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21
Q

Delaine-merino wool charcteristics

A

-high quality fine wool fleece
-tight crimp
-lower yielding due to grease
-long staple
-Spin count: 64-80
-very heavy fleeces

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22
Q

Delaine-merino reasons to raise

A

-adapted to harsh range conditions
-minimum wrinkles
-medium sized
-excellent longevity
-very gregarious

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23
Q

Debouillet orgin

A

developed in new Mexico in 1920
-developed to thrive in the harsh range conditions of the southwestern US

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24
Q

Debouillet created by which breeds

A

Delaine- merino and Rambouillet crosses

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25
Debouillet wool charcteristics
-high quality fine-wool fleece -has tight crimp -long staple -spin count: 62-70
26
Debouillet reasons to raise
-well adapted to harsh range conditions -medium sized-lower input cost -hardy -very gregarious -unassisted pasture lambing
27
Cormo orgin
developed in the early 1960s in Australia -goal to develop larger framed, more fertile, and greater wool-producing sheep
28
Cormo breed composites
saxon merinos ewes and Corriedale rams
29
Cormo wool charcteristics
-high quality fine-wool -slightly boulder crimp -long staple -spin count: 64-80
30
Cormo reasons to raise
-very fertile and prolific -high growth rates -heavy, fine and clean fleeces -very gregarious
31
Angora goat Orgin
Turkey -were imported into the US in 1849
32
Grades of mohair (6)
-super kid -kid -yearling -fine adult -adult -kempy
33
Value determining characteristics of wool
grade, yield, fiber length, fiber diameter, fiver integrity
34
What is Wool grade classified by?
classifies wool by fiber diameter -finer grades demand the highest prices -coarser grades demand lower prices
35
The three major grading systems
-american blood system -spinning count -micron diameter system
36
American blood system
based off of the percentage of merino genetics present in the fleece - least precise grading system
37
Spinning count grade system
refers to the number of hanks of yarn that can be spun from one pound of wool top -the finer the diameter- the more hanks it will produce -ex. 64 spin count=64 hanks of yarn
38
Micron diameter system
-most accurate grading system -most commonly accepted fiber diameter grading system worldwide
39
a micron =
1/ 25,400 of an inch
40
Yield
amount of clean wool that is derived from raw wool via the scouring process
41
T or F: generally yield is correlated to grade
True
42
T or F: finer wool is generally lower yielding
True
43
T or F: coarser wool is generally higher yielding
True
44
Does vegetable matter have an impact on yield?
No
45
What is yield correlated to?
fiber density
46
Denser fibered fleeces allow for.....
less dirt penetration
47
The three classifications for fiber length
staple(longest), french combing, clothing (shortest)
48
What if the wool doesn't meet its staple requirements for a grade?
The wool can not be combed, it is only carded
49
What if the wool meets its staple requirements for its grade?
it can be carded and combed which creates "top"
50
Fiber integrity
how strong the fibers are throughout the length of a lock
51
Two types of low fiber strength in wool
-tender fibered: caused by genetics -break: caused by stress, illness
52
Which has a more negative impact on value; tender fibered or break?
break
53
What does a fleece with a break cause in the carding/combing process?
noils
54
What are noils?
waste products to worsted system and can only be used by woolen system
55
What is character?
refers to the pleasantness each fleece is to the eye and touch
56
Characteristics used to evaluate charcter
color, crimp, condition
57
What is (good) color when referring to character?
-good charactered fleeces are super bright and white -whiteness= greater dying range
58
What is crimp?
the natural waves in the wool fiber -gives wool its resilience and elasticity -good character fleeces have pronounced crimp
59
What is Condition? What two things make up condition?
how much grease wool possesses -good character fleece will have the ideal amount of condition (not too dry but not too greasy) Can also refer to handle, which is how soft or harsh wool is to the touch
60
Uniformity
the variation in grade and length within a fleece -the more uniform=the more valuable
61
How do we calculate value of a fleece/ bale of wool?
1. Raw weight x yield = clean weight 2. clean weight x price/pound = market value
62
The 5 wool processing systems
-shearing, skirting, scouring, carding, combing
63
What is wool used for after manufacturing? (2 divisions)
-apparel: generally smaller in diameter, majority of wool -carpet: generally larger in diameter, courser
64
What two manufacturing systems are used for apparel wool?
worsted & woolen
65
Worsted system
uses wool that has not been previously processed -made up of long, smooth fibers -used to make high-quality suits, dresses
66
Wool processing systems for worsted system
shearing, skirting, scouring, carding, combing
67
Woolen system
used some never before processes wool, but also used short fiber by-products from worsted mills (noils), wool waste, and recycled yarn
68
Wool processing for woolen system
shearing, skirting, scouring, carding
69
Shearing
the first step in wool processing -rolled together rand placed in a bag for shipping and grading
70
Skirting
removal of undesirable parts of fleece after shearing and before packaging -remove belly wool, skin and manure tags, 2nd cuts
71
What is the purpose of skirting?
to create a more uniform product
72
Packaging
placing wool in a bag to be shipped to warehouse, then to a wool processor
73
Packaging options
-burlap sack -plastic sack -nylon pack
74
Burlap packaging
Pros: cheap and breathable Cons: irregular shape makes storage difficult, is vegetable matter, cannot see contents
75
Plastic sack packaging
Pros: clear, can see contents Cons: not breathable, tears easily, irregular shape, difficult to handle when greasy
76
Nylon sack packaging
Pros: very strong, shape aids in storage, nylon can be processed with wool, very uniform bales Cons: requires specialized hydraulic press
77
Scouring
washing wool, the removal of dirt and grease from wool
78
Scouring train
big, open ended washing machine -consist of 5 to 6 bowls with rakes and rollers -first couple of bowls have warm water (140 F) and detergent to wash wool, last couple bowls have cold water to rinse wool -rollers squeeze the dirt, grease and water out of the wool at the end of each bowl -grease is captured and used to create lanolin
79
Carding
begins to detangle and separate scoured wool fibers, aligns fibers up
80
What do they use to card wool?
wire rollers to straighten the fibers and remove any extra vegetable matter that was not removed during the scouring process
81
Combing
arranged long fibers in a parallel configuration by combing the wool -removes short and tangled fibers from the product-noils -after wool is combed, wool is called staple length top

Wool Judging (1 decks)

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