Midterm

Question 1

Central Dogma

Answer 1

DNA —> RNA —> Protein

Question 2

The ____ is the boundary that separates the cell from its environment

Answer 2

Plasma membrane

Question 3

Eukaryote

Answer 3

Cell with a nucleus

Question 4

Prokaryote

Answer 4

Cell without a nucleus

Question 5

Metabolism (def.)

Answer 5

Chemical reactions in a cell that build up or break down proteins to harness or release energy

Question 6

What determines the identity of an atom?

Answer 6

Number of protons

Question 7

What determines the charge of an atom?

Answer 7

Protons vs. electrons

Question 8

Covalent bond

Answer 8

Sharing of electrons between atoms, form a molecular orbital

Question 9

Polar covalent bond

Answer 9

Atoms do not share electrons equally

Question 10

Ionic bond

Answer 10

Attraction of oppositely charged ions

Question 11

Hydrophilic molecules

Answer 11

Like water, dissolve easily

Question 12

Hydrophobic molecules

Answer 12

Hate water, do not dissolve

Question 13

Hydrogen bond

Answer 13

Hydrogen atom covalently bonded to an electronegative atom interacts with an electronegative atom of another molecule

Question 14

How many covalent bonds can a carbon atom form?

Answer 14

4

Question 15

Amino acids are linked by _____?

Answer 15

Covalent bonds

Question 16

Amino acids link together to form ____.

Answer 16

Proteins

Question 17

Groups of an amino acid

Answer 17

Alpha carbon, carboxyl group, amino group, hydrogen atom, side chain

Question 18

The ______ determines the properties of an amino acid

Answer 18

Side chain

Question 19

Nucleotides are composed of:

Answer 19

A 5-carbon sugar, a nitrogen base, a phosphate group

Question 20

Tryglycerols (def.)

Answer 20

Store energy, made up of glycerol and fatty acids

Question 21

Fatty acids consist of ____

Answer 21

A linear hydrocarbon chain of variable length, with a carboxyl group at the end

Question 22

Saturated fatty acid

Answer 22

No carbon double bonds

Question 23

Unsaturated fatty acids

Answer 23

One of more carbon double bond

Question 24

Can der Waals Forces

Answer 24

Tight packing of fatty acids in lipids,
A type of weak, noncovalent bond

Question 25

Four DNA bases

Answer 25

A (adenine), G (guanine), C (cytosine), T (thyamine)

Question 26

Base pair of RNA that differs from DNA

Answer 26

U (uracil)

Question 27

RNA is synthesized by ___ in a ___ to ___ direction

Answer 27

RNA polymerase; 5’-to-3’

Question 28

Site of transcription and translation in eukaryotes

Answer 28

Transcription - nucleus Translation - cytoplasm