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Midterm Flashcards

1
Q

what is the monomer of carbohydrates?

A

Monosaccharides

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2
Q

what is the monomer of lipids?

A

Glycerol or fatty acid

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3
Q

what is the monomer of protein?

A

Amino acids

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4
Q

what is the monomer of nucleic acids?

A

nucleotide

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5
Q

What is the function of carbohydrates?

A

Short term energy, big burst of energy

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6
Q

What is the function of lipids?

A

Long term energy, balanced

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7
Q

What is the function of proteins?

A

Makes enzymes and helps cell transportation and hormone transportation

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8
Q

What is the function of nucleic acid?

A

Store genetic material within organisms

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9
Q

What happens to enzymes when they are exposed to extreme temperatures?

A

They become denatured and can no longer perform normal functions

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10
Q

What is the function of the chloroplast?

A

converts energy from the sun, water, and carbon dioxide into oxygen and glucose (photosynthesis)

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11
Q

What is the function of the cell wall?

A

supports, shapes, and protects cell

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12
Q

What is the function of the cell membrane?

A

regulates what enters and leaves the cell

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13
Q

What is the function of vacuole?

A

Sucks up and stores molecules.

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14
Q

What is the function of the mitochondria?

A

Convert energy used in food to energy that the cell can use.

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15
Q

What is the function of the ribosomes?

A

synthesis or create proteins.

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16
Q

What is the function of the Golgi Apparatus?

A

modifies, sorts, and packages proteins

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17
Q

What is the function of the Nucleus?

A

Control center of the cell, contain DNA, codes for making proteins, and molecules

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18
Q

What is the function of the Nucleolus?

A

Contains DNA

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19
Q

What is the function of the Cytoplasm?

A

Cushion and support organelles

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20
Q

What is the function of the Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum?

A

chemically modifies proteins made by ribosomes.

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21
Q

What is the function of the Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum?

A

contains enzymes that perform specialized tasks.

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22
Q

What is the structure of prokaryotic cells?

A

They are smaller and simpler, and they do not separate their genetic information.

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23
Q

What is the structure of eukaryotic cells?

A

They are larger and more complex, and they separate their genetic info.

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24
Q

What is a political implication in relation to?

A

Laws and Policies

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25
what is a ethical implication in relation to?
Doing what is right
26
What is a economic implication in relation to?
Money
27
What is a social implication in relation to?
Social interactions
28
Diffusion is the movement of a substance from...
high to low concentration
29
Diffusion requiring the assistance of transport proteins
Facilitated diffusion
30
Cell Transport that requires energy
active transport
31
Cell Transport, that moves material through a channel and does NOT require additional energy
facilitated diffusion.
32
The process of materials exiting the cell
Exocytosis
33
The process of materials entering the cell
Edocytosis
34
The solution of water moving out of the cell
Hypertonic (shrink)
35
The solution of water moving into the cell
Hypotonic (swell)
36
The solution of water flowing in and out of the cell evenly
Isotonic
37
Formula of photosythesis
Co2 + H2o + light energy = O2 + C6h12o6
38
Location of photosythesis
chloroplast
39
Formula of cellular respiration
O2 + C6h12o6 = Co2 + H2o + ATP
40
Location of cellular respiration
Mitochondria
41
What type of sugar does DNA have?
Doexyribose sugar
42
What type of sugar does RNA have?
Ribose sugar
43
What type of bond holds the nitrogenous bases together?
Hydrogen bond
44
Where does DNA replication occur?
The nucleus
45
What is meant by DNA replication being a semi-conservatice process?
Every double helix consists of one old DNA strand and one new, completed one.
46
Where does transcription occur?
Nucleus
47
Where does translation occur?
Cytoplasm
48
How many bases make up a codon?
Three
49
How many amino acids does one codon create?
One
50
What is a Missense substitution?
A mutation that causes an amino acid to change
51
What is a Silent substitution?
A mutation that causes no amino acids to change.
52
What is a Nonsense substitution?
A mutation that causes a premature stop
53
What is a Frameshift insertion?
A mutation that causes a mRNA to be added in, causing the rest of the mRNA chain to change and shift
54
What is a Frameshift deletion?
A mutation that causes a mRNA to be removed, causing the rest of the mRNA chain to change and shift
55
Who was the first scientist to discover the structure of DNA, which was double stranded and had a double helix?
Rosalind Franklin
56
Who stole Rosalind Franklin's research and claimed it as their one?
Watson and Crick
57
What is the structure of DNA?
A double helix
58
What is the structure of RNA?
A single helix
59
What are the nitrogenous bases of DNA?
A T G C
60
What are the nitrogenous bases of RNA?
A U G C
61
What is osmosis the movement of?
Water
62
What is hydrolysis?
the reaction of an organic chemical with water to form two or more new substances
63
What breaks/unzips DNA's double helix in DNA replication?
DNA Helicase
64
What does the DNA polymerase attach itself to before adding nucleotides in DNA replication?
The primer
65
Which direction does the DNA polymerase add nucleotides?
5'-3'

Biology (13 decks)

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