Midterm Flashcards
(88 cards)
1
Q
What do you need to capitalize?
A
Months, the letter “I”, Names, Titles, and the start of sentences
2
Q
Semi Colons (;)
A
Join 2 independent clauses
Prevent confusion during lists and very long sentences
3
Q
Colons (:)
A
Dramatic pauses
Add bonus info (word, list or phrase)
4
Q
Commas (,)
A
City and state (Akron, OH)
Dates (January 9, 2022)
Title listed after a name (Sara Buckeye, Ph.D., is a teacher.
Interruptions (Names, Appositives, Interjections)
Ex: Coach, let me play!
2 things in a list NO COMMA, 3 things or more
2 adjectives in a row
Transition or introductory phrases or words
NO COMMAS
Between subject and its verb
between compound subject or a compound predicate
NOT ex: I ran four miles, and lifted weights
5
Q
Apostrophes (‘)
A
Possession (A dog’s tail)
A plural word does not need an apostrophe if it is not showing possession
6
Q
Ellipsis (…)
A
Ellipsis (…)
Show dialogue: a hesitation, pause, interruption, or ending
Ex: Um… are you sure
7
Q
Dashes (-)
A
To show ranges or pauses/interruptions
8
Q
Hyphens (–)
A
Connects 2 words that are closely related and function as a single concept
Ex: Mrs.Washington-Jones, two-thirds cup
9
Q
Compound Sentences
A
2 independent clauses FANBOYS conjunction
Ex: I tried to help you, but you chose not to listen.
10
Q
Complex Sentences
A
1 independent, 1 dependent
Ex: Because the soup was too cold, I warmed it in the microwave.
11
Q
Compound-complex sentences
A
2 independent, 1 dependent
Ex: Although we studied, our class failed the test; we understand it better now.
12
Q
Paper header
A
Last name w/page #
Your name (1st&last)
Teacher name
Subject&period
Date
Title
13
Q
works cited
A
Author, title, publisher, year
EX: Steinbeck. John. The Pearl. Penguin Books, 1945.
14
Q
Direct citation
A
Ex: “ And my son will make numbers, and these things will make us free because he will know—he will know and through him we will know” (Shusterman Penguin 26).
15
Q
Exposition
A
Introduces the characters, setting, and the main problem
16
Q
Characterization
A
Details authors provide to bring characters to life. The author uses adjectives.
17
Q
Direct characterization
A
describes the character directly
18
Q
Indirect characterization
A
describes characters through feelings, speech, thoughts, and interactions
19
Q
Suspense
A
Anything that keeps you in a state of excitedly (or nervously) waiting for something to happen
20
Q
Setting
A
environment where a story takes place
21
Q
Flashback
A
interrupts that chronological sequence or “present” line of the story, to show readers a scene that unfolded in the past.
22
Q
Point of view
A
perspective from which a story is told (1st, 2nd, 3rd)
23
Q
Theme
A
The universal message/ main idea writer is telling
24
Q
Conflict
A
a disagreement between people who cannot reach an agreement
25
Intertextuality: poems by Walt Whitman, Langston Hughes, and Allison Adelle Hedge Coke
share how America is about different identities. Each one shares how the future could be and we would look forward to that day of joyous noise. connected bc they all share a sure hope for the American people and their futures.
26
Amoral
having or showing no concern about whether a behavior is morally right or wrong
27
Immoral
not conforming to accepted standards of morality (right and wrong).
28
Author’s Perspective
how the author thinks about the subject
29
Author's tone
their attitude/voice toward the subject
30
Muckraking Journalism
Jacob Riis and Upton Sinclair.
articles and photos that forced Americans to see the divide between the wealthy and the poor.
31
Fluctuate
to rise and fall irregularly in amount or number
32
Immutable
unchanging over time or can’t be changed at all
33
Primary Sources
gives direct insight from a person as they live through an event
34
Written letters
often hard to falsify making them good 4 primary sources
35
Written letters
often hard to falsify making them good 4 primary sources
36
John Adams
2nd President of the U.S, 1st president to live in the White House, Born in 1735
37
Abigail Adams
First 1st lady to live in the White House, wrote more than 1,000 letters between her and her husband
38
motivation behind Adams’ willingness to move to the new White House.
The Adams’ were humble because they lived in a house that was not finished and grand or fancy yet. They were not materialistic leaders and cared for the people, not the things that came with fame.
39
Science fiction
a form of fiction that deals principally with actual or imagined science's impact on society or individuals
Ex: Scythe, The Maze Runner
40
Scythe characters
Rowan, Citra (Scythe Anastasia), Scythe Godard, Scythe Faraday, Scythe Curie
41
Scythe theme
moral choices
ex: some scythes were more materialistic, , thought they could get over on people, had vanity,or greedy
42
Scythe author purpose
To show when people think they live a perfect life, and it actually has many flaws.
43
Scythe setting
MidMerica
43
Allusions
A reference to another work of literature, people, places, events, or things that has historical significance
44
Analogy
Comparison that aims to explain a thing ot idea by linking it to something else (metaphors/similes)
45
Foreshadowing
details added in a story that give hints to the reader about something that will happen later: creates suspense
46
Postmodernism
Harsh reality over the treatment of humans during and after WW2 came to light, writers and artists responded in a literary and artistic movement
47
Characteristics of Postmodernism
Randomness
Pastiche
Intertextuality
Temporal Distortion
Minimalism
Magical Realism
Faction
Reader Involvement
Paranoia
Fragmentation
The Era 1945-present day, response to Holocaust and Japanese brutality. Continued in today's globalization
48
Pastiche
Using various ideas from previous literary styles and stories and “pasting” them together to create a new style or point
49
Metification
Writing about writing, often down in order to remind the reader of fiction- and create emotional distance from the writer
An intentional allusion or reference to a work's fictional nature.
Ex: Hey, I'm a cartoon!
50
Intertextuality
Shows acknowledgment of previous writers, how each generation stands on the backs of those who came before
51
Temporal Distortion
The use of non-linear (jump forward or backward in time) timelines and narrative techniques in a story (impacts plot summary).
Ex: Abe Lincoln on a telephone
52
Minimalism
The use of characters and events which are decidedly not special (simple)
53
Magical Realism
impossible or unrealistic events into a narrative that is otherwise realistic
54
Faction
mixing of actual historical events into a narrative that is otherwise realistic
55
Reader Involvement
often through direct address to the reader and the open acknowledgment of the fictional nature of the events being described
56
Paranoia
reader think and question the idea of reality from a variety of perspectives
57
Foils
Character who serves as a contrast to another character, so as to point out specific traits of the main character. This is to highlight the strength or weakness of the main character.
Ex: Rowan and Citra. Citra’s family loves her, and Rowan’s family is indifferent and ignore him.
58
Setting 5 parts
1 Geographic- real, mappable place
2 Physical Location- immediate surroundings
3 Physical Environment- forces of nature/weather
4 Time period- season, time of day, year
5 Social and Cultural Environment- societal norms and specific trends
59
Plot 6 parts
1 Exposition
2 Inciting incident
3 Rising action
4 Climax
5 Falling action
6 Resolution
60
The Iroquois Constitution suggests that _____ is the worst behavior a confederate lord could exhibit.
self-interest
61
Heroic Couplets
A traditional poetic form or structure
62
American literature looks to ______they build into our country. As shown through the poem ______ by Phillis Wheatley
Britain’s monarchy
His Excellency General Washington
63
Phillis Wheatley
1753-1784
Inspired by the Bible, and Latin and Greek Classics
Freed from slavery in 1773; adopted by the Wheatleys taught her to read and write. Created Columbia, the goddess, to represent America
64
______ were used as symbolism in The Iroquois Constitution.
Trees (Tree of Peace)
Eagles (protection)
65
Pilgrims fled to America to escape ____ and therefore simply wanted to live their faith.
religious persecution
66
Puritans came to America with the purpose of “saving” or _____ the Native Americans to their Christianity. This is the fundamental difference in culture between the Pilgrims and the Puritans.
convert
67
Puritans came to America with the purpose of “saving” ____ or the Native Americans to their Christianity. This is the fundamental difference in culture between the Pilgrims and the Puritans.
convert
68
William Bradford’s account of the journey to America in Of Plymouth Plantation described hardships including
Fierce storms on the Ocean, Lack of Shelter, Lack of Food, Severe illnesses
69
Anne Bradstreet
First recognized as an accomplished New World poet
Wrote “To My Dear and Loving Husband”
70
Realism
A literary movement that tells a story truthfully as possible instead of dramatizing it or romanticizing it.
When did it start/originate?- 1830s, after the Civil War.
71
Realist authors
Walt Whitman
Mark Twain
Katherine Anne Porter
72
Characteristics of Realism
Real-life- places and things people would know and see
Characters often lower and middle-class
Houses are not always perfect, and different lifestyles
More dialogue, slang
Relatable characters living a normal/real life
Characters dream big but are limited by the reality of their status
73
Characteristics of Naturalism
No free will or predestination- fates are pre-determined
Pessimistic outlooks- people who are poor will always be that way
Narrators don’t care about characters- tell readers "how it is"
Scientific method- influence writing
Ideas of the survival of the fittest
Animalistic instincts- overide human compassion
74
Authors & Works from Naturalism
William Faulkner
Frank Norris
John Steinbeck books
74
Authors & Works from Naturalism
William Faulkner
Frank Norris
John Steinbeck books
75
The pearl
written by John Steinbeck in (the year) 1947
76
Foreshadowing
Details added to a story to show something that will happen in the near future. (adds suspense)
“The pearl will destroy our son too” (Steinbeck Macmillan 39). Juana is foreshadowing her son’s death.
77
Parable- a short story that teaches you a moral lesson about right and wrong
Earthiness - details that have to do with nature (imagery)
Conciseness - the story is easy to share in one sitting
Repetition - there is a pattern to the events to help with understandability
Reversal of expectation: What we believe at the start of the story might be different than by the end of the story
Contrast: there is a clear juxtaposition between two concepts throughout the story - usually as part of the “lesson”
78
Motif: The Pearl
The songs of The Pearl
Song of Family- at the beginning when we first meet Kino and his family. Family, peace, love, harmony, safety, and protection. (Penguin 2)
Song of Evil- scorpion, danger, darkness, hate, danger, nervousness, Kino's emotions. The pearl brings danger. (Penguin 5)
Song of the Enemy- doctor, scorpion, people who are not of his culture (whites). (Penguin 6).
Song of the Pearl that Might Be- hope, anticipation. (Penguin 17)
Song of the Undersea- confort, safety. (Penguin 18)
Song of the Pearl- evil and bad luck.
79
three themes of The Pearl
Theme 1: Faith vs. Fate- When Juana prays for Kino to find a pearl, she ultimately gives them bad luck from the pearl.
Theme 2: Greed- The doctor is greedy when he only comes to Kino’s house for the pearl money. Kino starts to be greedy after he gets the pearl. He beats Juana and thinks he is entitled to more money 4 the pearl.
Theme 3: Family and Loyalty- Juana is loyal to Kino after he beats her for the pearl.
80
Juxtaposition:
A literary device where two items/points are placed near each other to show their differences
Ex: Yin and Yang symbol has contrasting colors. This creates a visual juxtaposition between black and white.
81
Steps of the Writing Process:
Prewriting/brainstorming
Drafting
Revisions
Editing
Publish/ Turn in
82
Steps of the Writing Process:
Prewriting/brainstorming
Drafting
Revisions
Editing
Publish/ Turn in
83
Situational Irony
Something happening that is unexpected than what was expected. Creates a surprise twist.
Examples: A fire station burning down. A police officer getting arrested. Someone posting on a site and saying it harms you.
84
Tone
the attitude or voice that a character or narrator or author takes towards a given subject.
85
Individualism
Each person is free to do what they want as long as it is not against the law.
Individuals tend to compete w/each other to get accolades or succes
86
Equality
All people are created equal in value, without regard to race, gender, ethnicity, religion, age, disability, or sexual orientation. (impacts the purpose of creative minds–writers)
(Like 6:31, Leviticus 19:18)
