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Weather > Midterm > Flashcards

Midterm Flashcards

1
Q

What is atmospheric pressure

A

a force caused by the weight of all the air in a column above a particular point and is directed in all directions at a particular point

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2
Q

in what way is sea level pressure rather than station pressure more appropriate and useful for meteorology and aviation

A

the calculation of MSL pressure provides a more accurate representation of pressure over a region by removing the effects of the station pressure variation caused by differing elevations

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3
Q

(t/F) for any airport at any elevation above sea level, the pressure is always less than the Mean Sea Level Pressure regardless of weather conditions

A

true

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4
Q

a temperature of 50 F is what C

A

10C

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5
Q

a line on an aviation weather map or an aviation hazard chart that connects points of constant temperature is:

A

isotherm

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6
Q

a line of constant pressure

A

isobar

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7
Q

why is the tropopause higher over the tropics than middle latitudes

A

colder denser air over the poles vs warmer not as dense air in the tropics

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8
Q

What is ISA used for

A

pressure altimeter calibrations, aircraft performance calculations, and aircraft design

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9
Q

in all atmospheric layers, a rising parcel of air expands as it rises because pressure always decreases with altitude; thus the rising parcel of air cools as it rises (T/F)

A

true

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10
Q

if the air is saturated:

A

no additional water vapor can exist in air

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11
Q

what is dew point depression

A

numerical difference between the air temperature and the dew point temperature

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12
Q

what is dew point

A

temperature to which the air would need to be cooled to become saturated

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13
Q

What is the heat index directly correlated to

A

air temperature and dewpoint

if either increase the heat index increases

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14
Q

what is absolute humidity

A

flat out amount of water in the air (no temperature consideration)

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15
Q

what is relative humidity

A

water vapor to the temperature of air
percentage of how much water the air could be holding

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16
Q

what is true altitude

A

MSL

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17
Q

When flying at FL180 (18,000 ft MSL) with an altimeter setting of 29.92, if the aircraft flies into an area of decreasing pressure that is lower than the pressure defined in the International Standard Atmosphere, the aircraft will be flying

A

lower than the altimeter indicates

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18
Q

If you wanted an altimeter to read “0” when on the runway, regardless of field elevation of the airport,, what would you enter as an altimeter setting?

A

the airfield’s station pressure

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19
Q

When flying at an altitude that has temperatures colder than what the International Standard Atmosphere depicts for that altitude (as well as above and below that point), the indicated altitude is more likely to be:

A

greater than true altitude

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20
Q

(T/F) At the location of where a particular pressure reading is taken, the pressure altitude at that location is the altitude at which that particular pressure reading exists in the International Standard Atmosphere.

A

true

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21
Q

(T/F) Corrected (Approximately True) Altitude is indicated altitude corrected for the temperature of the air column below the aircraft, the correction being based on the estimated deviations of the existing temperatures from the International Standard Atmosphere temperatures.

A

True

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22
Q

what are three specific causes of altimeter errors due to a nonstandard temperature

A

temperature error
pressure error
mountain effect

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23
Q

What does higher density altitude cause

A

proportionally higher true air speeds and ground speeds for a given indicated air speed.

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24
Q

Which type of front is the biggest aviation concern

A

occluded

25
Q

What do a cold front, warm front, and stationary front have in common?

A

The temperature of the air differs on either side of the front.

26
Q

Warm front quiz description (???)

A

A front in which warm air is replacing cooler air that is retreating. It commonly has lower layered clouds along and just ahead of it.

27
Q

Describe jet streams

A

A jet stream is a band of strong winds that encircles the Earth primarily in the mid-latitudes.

Multiple jet streams (such as a subtropical jet stream, a polar jet stream, and an artic jet stream) may exist between the equator and the pole, each at different latitudes and at different altitudes.

Jet streams follow a wave-like pattern, with generally a west-to-east flow in both the Norther Hemisphere and the Southern Hemisphere.

Jet streams are due to strong pressure gradients, which are caused by strong temperature gradients.

“Jet maxes” are smaller regions of exceptionally strong winds within a jet stream.

A jet stream that is referred to as “zonal” is one that flows primarily “flat” from west to east with only slight or modest-sized north-to-south waves.

28
Q

Where is Coriolis force zero and max

A

zero at equator, max at poles

29
Q

drizzle, snow, rain intensities are by

A

dz: surface visibility
snow: surface visibility and snowfall rate
rain: rainfall rate

30
Q

even in light or trace icing, what is the first thing someone may notice

A

loss of airspeed 5-10 kts

31
Q

how can we tell the altitude at which snow formed

A

shape of snowflake

32
Q

what is the proper way to control boots

A

inflate as soon as icing conditions are encountered and inflate often

33
Q

what is the primary nuclei for the formation of hail

A

graupel

34
Q

difference between frost and frozen dew

A

frost -> gas to ice
frozen dew -> gas to dew to freezing

35
Q

where does icing happen

A

visible moisture
below zero

36
Q

aircraft icing is common in

A

light freezing drizzle

37
Q

what is true about rime icing

A

commonly caused by small drops in stratiform super-cooled clouds
most common type

38
Q

biggest factors for icing collection efficiency

A

drop size: large
aircraft speed: fast
airfoil shape: thin

39
Q

icing can cause:

A

higher stall speeds at lower angles of attack
reduces lift and thrust
increase weight and drag

40
Q

if flying in ice pellets, what should be considered

A

increasing altitude increases chance of clear ice, but there will be a further up temperature inversion

41
Q

if cirrus clouds are W to NW

A

good weather coming

42
Q

if cirrus clouds are E to SE

A

bad weather coming (15-20 hours)

43
Q

what are the most important atmospheric makeups to aviation

A

water vapor
oxygen
nitrogen
ozone

44
Q

C to F conversation

A

9/5 * C + 32

45
Q

types of heat transfer

A

conduction
convection
advection
radiation
latent heat

46
Q

altimeter errors
when going warm to cold

A

true altitude < indicated altitude

47
Q

density altitude equation

A

pressure + (118.8 x ( ambient air temp - ISA air temp))

48
Q

what wind force has the greatest effect

A

pressure gradient

49
Q

what does an airplane have to have to be known icing equipped

A

all leading edges protected
(wings, VS, HS)
Prop / inlet protected
windshield protected

50
Q

how do winds shift after a warm / cold front

A

warm: shift southerly
cold: shift northerly

51
Q

what three ingredients are needed for precipitation

A

water vapor
lifting
growth process

52
Q

what is accretion

A

ice crystals collide with supercooled droplets which freeze onto crystal

53
Q

what is aggregation

A

ice crystal collision

54
Q

what is bergeron-wegner

A

water vapor deposits onto ice crystals which allows droplets to evaporate and supply more vapor to crystal

55
Q

what direction of stratus clouds allude to heavy precipitation

A

NE to S

56
Q

what may cause vertical motion

A

fronts
orographic wind on terrain
instability / buoyancy

57
Q

does a low pressure converge or diverge

A

converges on surface
diverges in atmosphere
air moves converging to diverging

58
Q

low pressure in upper level waves

A

up / north wave = low pressure

Weather (5 decks)

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