Midterm

Question 1

Right Hemisphere Brain Damage definition

Answer 1

group of deficits that result from injury to the right hemisphere of the brain (non-dominant for nearly all language functions)

Question 2

Visuospatial Neglect

Answer 2

a form of visual attention that involves directing attention to a location in space (neglect on one side of visual field)

Question 3

List the types of attention impairments

Answer 3

joint attention, sustained attention, divided attention, alternating attention, and selective attention

Question 4

List the types of memory impairments

Answer 4

short term, long term, immediate, delayed, working, and procedural memory

Question 5

Retrospective memory

Answer 5

The memory of people, words, and events encountered or experienced in the past

Question 6

Incidental memory

Answer 6

non-intentional memory- memory for information people are not asked to remember

Question 7

Prospective memory

Answer 7

the memory for intentions, allows us to remember to carry out an action planned for a specific time in the future while performing a concurrent activity named ongoing task

Question 8

Characteristic of right hemisphere damage

Answer 8

Neglect all info on left side, Unrealistic denial of illness or limb involvement, Impaired judgement and self-monitoring, Lack of motivation, and Inattention

Question 9

Nonlinguistic

Answer 9

Communication that conveys intent: facial expression and body language can be affected (nonverbal)

Question 10

Paralinguistic

Answer 10

changes in prosody or intonation as well as pitch and volume

Question 11

Linguistic

Answer 11

using verbalizations such as words, phrases, or sentences

Question 12

Name 3 Aphasia Batteries for RHD

Answer 12

Boston Diagnostic (BDAE), Boston Assessment of Severe Aphasia (BASA), Western Aphasia Battery (WAB)

Question 13

Non-Standard procedures for assessing RHD

Answer 13

ratings of the client’s behavior, interviewing, and observation

Question 14

Imitative Treatment for RHD

Answer 14

A client repeats a sentence in unison with the SLP in response to a question

Question 15

Cognitive-Linguistic treatment for RHD

Answer 15

uses various cues to modify the client’s prosody, or the rhythm, stress, and intonation of speech

Question 16

Dysarthria definition

Answer 16

A motor speech disorder related to disturbances in the central and peripheral nervous systems that control the muscles of speech production (weakness of muscles used in speech)

Question 17

Flaccid Dysarthria

Answer 17

Muscles that exhibit flaccid paralysis are weak and soft, exhibit low tone, and fatigue quickly. Lesions are found on the cranial and spinal nerves ; reduced respiratory drive for speech breathing, continuously breathy voice quality, reduced pitch and loudness levels, monopitch, hypernasality, and imprecise articulations

Question 18

Spastic Dysarthria

Answer 18

speech that is characterized as slow, with jerky, imprecise articulation and reduction of the rapidly alternating movements of speech (AMS) because of stiff and rigid muscles.

Question 19

Ataxic Dysarthria

Answer 19

Damage to the cerebellum or cerebellar control circuitry results in incoordination and reduced muscle tone, related to poorly timed and improper coordination during movement.

Question 20

Hypokinetic Dysarthria

Answer 20

movements are slow and reduced in range of motion due to the effects of rigidity, or increased resistance to passive stretch in all directions.

Question 21

Hyperkinetic Dysarthria

Answer 21

due to damage to the basal ganglia control circuitry; however, in this case, the indirect pathway and/or structures of the basal ganglia that help to inhibit unwanted movements are damaged which leads increased abnormal involuntary movements. Tremors, Tics, Dystonia, and Chorea

Question 22

Mixed Dysarthria

Answer 22

When two or more types of dysarthria are present in an individual. a slow rate of speech, hypernasality, imprecise articulation and a strained – strangled vocal quality.

Question 23

Tremor

Answer 23

relate to the rhythmic movement of body part

Question 24

Tics

Answer 24

are rapid patterned movements that can be motor or vocal in nature

Question 25

Dystonia

Answer 25

excessive pitch and loudness variations, irregular breakdowns in articulation, variable rates of speech, and inappropriate silences. state of abnormal muscle tone resulting in muscular spasm and abnormal posture, typically due to a neurological disease (can be caused by medication)

Question 26

Chorea

Answer 26

rapid and unpredictable movements and exhibit variations in their speech rate, irregular articulatory breakdowns and significant prosodic abnormalities.

Question 27

What Dysarthria is associated with ALS

Answer 27

mixed dysarthria is associated with this

Question 28

What Dysarthria is associated with Parkinson's

Answer 28

Hypokinetic dysarthria is associated with this

Question 29

When can Dysarthria be acquired

Answer 29

any age

Question 30

How to treat Dysarthria to improve quality of life

Answer 30

provide patient and communication partners with various strategies to promote increased communicative participation

Question 31

Spastic CP

Answer 31

CP characterized by increased muscle tone resulting in slow, jerky, labored movements.

Question 32

Athetoid CP

Answer 32

CP characterized by slow, involuntary writhing, most pronounced when the individual attempts volitional movement

Question 33

Ataxic CP

Answer 33

CP characterized by uncoordinated movement and disturbed balance.

Question 34

Bell's Palsy

Answer 34

relatively common dysarthria, occurs suddenly, cause unknow, facial nerve affected, appearance can shift

Question 35

Progressive Bulbar Palsy

Answer 35

variant of ALS, causes degeneration of the lower motor neurons, muscle atrophy (wasting away muscle), individuals can develop fasciculations (movements of tongue while at rest)

Question 36

Mysathenia Gravis

Answer 36

autoimmune disease, rapid weakening of muscles due to inadequate transmission of nerve impulses, muscles are weakened but can regain strength after rest, hypernasality

Question 37

Muscular Dystrophy

Answer 37

genetic disease, results in degeneration of muscles, muscles are unable to contract and relax normally