Midterm

Question 1

Structures of Religion

Answer 1

Practices, beliefs, scriptures, sacred places

Question 2

Classifications

Answer 2

Indigenous religion, World, Abrahamic, New Religious Movement

Question 3

What is Religion (x5)

Answer 3

Actual (transcendent), Modern concept (ancient ‘religio’), Western concept (categorise cultures), Public discourse (socio-economic, political, secular), Academic (differentiated from theology)

Question 4

What is History

Answer 4

construction of past. Methodological naturalism, Chronological Prioritization, Critical Approach to Sources

Question 5

Church History

Answer 5

Orthodox

Question 6

American Religious History

Answer 6

academic, emphasizing diversity & popular forms religious expressions

Question 7

Periodisation

Answer 7

Pre-colonial, Colonial, Birth of a Nation, Post Civil War, Modern America

Question 8

McCutcheon

Answer 8

study of religion based on scientific collection of data. SoR anthropological in nature

Question 9

Salvage Anthropology

Answer 9

vanishing Indian. need to collect info before cultures “inevitably” disappear due to being “primitive”

Question 10

Primitivism

Answer 10

ideology development in society of humans/religions. Problem = christianity seen as goal, idea of superior/inferior religions

Question 11

Manifest Destiny

Answer 11

sacredness of American history (reality it is colonialism)

Question 12

The Vanishing Indian

Answer 12

myth of extinction, used to justify treatment of inhabitants

Question 13

City on a Hill

Answer 13

when America was first colonized by pilgrims and puritans. Used to justify american exceptionalism

Question 14

Doctrine of Discovery

Answer 14

european monarchies authorizing colonization via discovery of new world

Question 15

Religious Freedom

Answer 15

no law respecting establishment of religion or prohibiting free exercise, no religious test clause required for qualification to any office

Question 16

Religious Prohibition

Answer 16

prohibited religious freedom for original inhabitants

Question 17

Animism

Answer 17

belief in spirits, religions and cultures evolve in linear progression
animism - polytheism - monotheism

Question 18

Shamanism

Answer 18

communicate w spirit, prophesize, heal. Individual has inherent gift

Question 19

Neo Shamanism

Answer 19

cultural appropriation, imitating indigenous

Question 20

Bering Strait Theory

Answer 20

scientific theory (land bridge) natives from Siberia to North America. legitimises idea they aren’t native to land

Question 21

image of Indian (x6)

Answer 21

Christian Cosmology, Enlightenment era Environmentalism, Progress and Noble Savagery, Evolutionism and primitivism, scientific racism, cultural pluralism

Question 22

Indigenous religion (x3)

Answer 22

land, kinship (relationality), language

Question 23

Christendom

Answer 23

conceptual ideal of Christianized Europe defined by religious identity

Question 24

Reformation

Answer 24

Martin Luther criticized the church for its abuse of authority. Split within Catholicism between those who stay catholic and those who separated from catholic tradition

Question 25

Anglicanism

Answer 25

blended catholic rituals and protestant beliefs. king - supreme governor

Question 26

Reformed Tradition

Answer 26

God’s absolute sovereignty, human depravity, devotion to revealed law, reimagining Old Testament

Question 27

Puritanism

Answer 27

destiny is predestined. among the saved

Question 28

Pocahontas

Answer 28

Myth, Powhatan chief’s daughter, symbol submission

Question 29

Witch Trials

Answer 29

supernatural, fear of the other within

Question 30

Great Awakening

Answer 30

post puritan revivalism, direct connection with god, emphasis on biblical scriptural authority

Question 31

Evangelicalism

Answer 31

non denominational protestantism, promise of salvation, one can be born again by experiences with holy spirit

Question 32

Enlightenment

Answer 32

secular movement introduced scientific innovations, naturalistic understanding of universe, deemphasized supernatural

Question 33

European Deism

Answer 33

God doesn't intervene

Question 34

American Deism

Answer 34

God is governing and determines destinies

Question 35

Jefferson Bible

Answer 35

collection of gospels edited to remove mentioning of supernatural

Question 36

“Light to the Nations”

Answer 36

religious pluralism as christian pluralism, america as messianic “liberator of oppressed”, America as God’s servant and promised land

Question 37

Pre colonial African American Religion

Answer 37

Islam, christianity, tradition indigenous african religions. Yoruba religion - orishas = spirits

Question 38

African American Churches

Answer 38

conversions and congregations as subversive political acts and religious movement of freedom, independence and liberty.

Question 39

The Bible & Civil War

Answer 39

South - justifies slavery "slaves, obey your earthly masters" North - slavery as "national original sin" war as divine judgement, death as blood sacrifice

Question 40

Haskalah

Answer 40

time of change and enlightenment era, promoting nationalism, hebrew as literary language

Question 41

Reform, Conservative & Orthodox Judaism

Answer 41

Reform = Torah’s halakhic rules as non binding conservative = middle, centrist approach orthodox = rejected reform as too radical

Question 42

Jewish Differences (examples)

Answer 42

divine origin of Torah, authority of torah, roles of women, messianic beliefs, sermons in english/hebrew, relationship to the state of israel

Question 43

Second Awakening

Answer 43

1800-1850, religious experimentation, reinvigorating religious commitment

Question 44

Methodism

Answer 44

religious society revival movement related to anglican church - John Welsey, emphasized potential salvation of all (emphasis on free will), rejected calvinist/reformed predestination

Question 45

Holiness Movement

Answer 45

personal experience subsequent to regeneration & believer is cleansed from original sin