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Art Appreciation > Midterm > Flashcards

Midterm Flashcards

(106 cards)

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0
Q

Prehistoric

A

Before written history

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1
Q

Henge

A

Stonehenge; from Western Europe; solar calendar; lentil stone

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2
Q

Cuneiform Tablet

A

The invention of writing by Sumerians; “wedge-shaped” marks on clay tablets: Epic of Gilgamesh (example)

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3
Q

Ziggurat

A

ancient Mesopotamian temple tower consisting of a lofty pyramidal structure built in successive stages with outside staircases and a shrine on top; Temple of Uruk & tallest one is in Babylonia (example)

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4
Q

Frieze

A

Used for storytelling; a decorative band on a wall/doorframe/etc; Parthenon Frieze (example)

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5
Q

Stele

A

A carved stone slab erected to commemorate a historical event or to mark a grave.

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6
Q

Lamassu

A

Sumerian; protective deity depicted with bull or lion body, eagle wings, & human head.

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7
Q

Acropolis

A

A settlement/citadel built upon an area of elevated ground; Gr. “City on the extremity”; Acropolis of Athens (example)

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8
Q

Rosetta Stone

A

From 196 BC & found in 1799; key to unlocking hieroglyphics; found in Rosetta, Egypt (originally Memphis)

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9
Q

Ka

A

The spiritual part of the soul that survived after death/find you after death; that’s why it’s important to preserve bodies & mummify; everyone born with Ka

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10
Q

Necropolis

A

Gr. “City of the dead”; large ancient cemetery with elaborate tomb monuments.

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11
Q

Sphinx

A

The Great Sphinx; Lion with human head associated with sun god; largest on near east

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12
Q

Canon

A

The Egyptian Canon; system of proportions to human figure (god/rulers shown bigger)

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13
Q

Mastaba

A

“House for eternity”; ancient Egyptian tomb; flat-roofed, rectangular structure with outward sloping slides.

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14
Q

Hypostyle

A

Hypostyle hall has roof supported by columns; Temple of Amen

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15
Q

Fresco

A

Technique of mural painting executed upon freshly laid lime plaster; Thebes

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16
Q

Cycladic Art

A

Marble figures and idols, art of Cycladic civilization around islands of Aegean Sea.

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17
Q

Labyrinth

A

Elaborate maze-like structure; Greek mythology - structure built by King Minis of Crete to hold Minotaur

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18
Q

Clerestory

A

High windows above eye level to bring in outside light; palace of Knossos in Crete.

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19
Q

Krater

A

Bowl used for mixing water & wine.

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20
Q

Meander

A

Decorative border constructed from continuous line; key pattern in Ancient Greek art; Geometric Krater

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21
Q

Amphora

A

2-handled storage jar from Orientalizing period inAncient Greek history.

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22
Q

Siren

A

Half bird, half women.

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23
Q

Kore

A

Type of free-standing sculpture from Ancient Greece of Archaic period made of wood, terra cotta, limestone, or white marble.

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24
Doric
Doric order = 1/3 orders of organizational systems of Ancient Greece; oldest & simplest; heavily fluted columns with no base and saucer capitals.
25
Ionic
Columns stand on base which separates shaft of column from the stylobate/platform, circular design on cap.
26
Corinthian
Third order (Doric is first, Ionic is second); slender fluted columns and elaborate caps decorated with leaves/scrolls/etc.
27
Gorgon
In Greek mythology, it is a female creature; gorgon Medusa = a demon with a woman's body and a bird's wings.
28
Caryatid
Sculpted columns, typically sculpture of female column.
29
Gigantomachy
In Greek mythology, the symbolic struggle between the cosmic order of the Olympians (led by Zeus) and the nether forces of Chaos (led by Alcyoneus); battle of gods and giants; motif of order of triumph over chaos.
30
Foreshorten
Painted in 3/4 view; appear shorter because it is in the foreground.
31
Contrapposto
Kritos boy; means counterpose in Italian; most of weight on one foot.
32
Herm
Bust on a square pillar.
33
Tesserae
One of the small squares or glass used in making mosaic patterns.
34
Tholos
A beehive shaped stone tomb of Mycenaean Greece, roofed by cornering and usually built into side of hill; circular shrine; first see introduction of interior columns; Corinthian capital; Kallimadres - basket weighed down by tile on root.
35
Hyphaethral
Open to sky; no roof; Temple of Apollo.
36
Agora
6 block area in center of city; gathering place.
37
Fibula
Clasp for holding women's gowns up at shoulder; Etruscans.
38
Barrel Vault
A vault in the form of a half cylinder.
39
Forum
Geological center of town; center of civic life for any Roman town.
40
Amphitheater
A large building with seats rising in curved rows around a open space on which games & plays take place; part of early empire Roman architecture.
41
Atmospheric Perspective
Also known as aerial perspective; the effect the atmosphere has on the appearance of an object as it is viewed from a distance; part of second style of Roman wall painting.
42
Linear Perspective
He apparent size and shape of objects and their position with respect to foreground and background are establishes by actual or suggested lines converging on the horizon.
43
Aqueduct
Bridges for conveying/carrying water to city.
44
Coffers
A box for holding money or other valuable things.
45
Tempera
Pigments mixed with egg yolks used for painting; also used to describe paintings that have used this medium.
46
Tetrarch
Rule by 4; Roman Empire = governor of 1/4 divisions of country or province.
47
Mandoria
An almond shaped area of light - usually around Christ.
48
Apse
Domed or vaulted semicircular or polygonal recess, esp. on east side of church.
49
Orant
Praying figures, raising arms in ancient attitude of prayer.
50
Basilica
A Roman building, used for public administration, have large rectangular central nave with an aisle on each side and an apse at the end.
51
Nave
The central space in a church
52
Icons
Images in Greek; a picture, representation; small & portable Byzantine icons.
53
Iconoclasm
Deconstruction of sacred images.
54
Minibar
Pulpit in mosque where the imam (prayer leader) stands to deliver sermons.
55
Minaret
A tall, thin tower of a mosque with a balcony from which people are called to prayer; tallest = Sinan.
56
Mausoleum
Monumental tombs.
57
Mihrab
A niche or chamber of a mosque which indicates the direction of Mecca.
58
Ewer
A type of pitcher or jug shaped like a base a used in the past for holding water.
59
Madrasa
A "place of study"; buildings used to teach Islamic theology and religious law - usually has mosque.
60
Cloisonné
Technique that is a mix between stained glass and mosaics.
61
Urnes Style
Last phase of Scandinavian/Viking period; characterized by slim and stylized animals interwoven into tight patterns.
62
Illuminated Manuscript
From Christian Church (essentially NT manuscripts); manuscript where text is highly decorated (initials, boarders, etc).
63
Westwork
Carolingian art; monumental western front to church, tower like.
64
Reliquary
A container for relics like remains of saints, sacred items, etc.
65
Codex
A manuscript book of Scripture, classics, or ancient annals.
66
Baptistery
A part of a church or separate building used for baptism.
67
Trumeau
A pillar dividing a large doorway in a church.
68
Cloister
"Enclosed place"; monks and nuns live; covered path with arches on side of building.
69
Tympanum
A vertical recessed triangular space forming the center of a pediment, typically decorated.
70
Flamboyant
Denoting style of late French gothic architecture; flamelike tracery and ornate decoration; originally negative term.
71
Hammurabi
1st King of Babylonian Empire; took over Mesopotamia; Code of Hammurabi - first written codes of law in history.
72
King Minos
Legendary King of Crete; son of Zues.
73
King Agamemnon
Greek mythology; King of Mycenae; commanded Greek army into Trojan War.
74
Imhotep
Pre-Dynastic Period; First recorded artist & royal builder for King Djoser; built first pyramid.
75
Pharaoh Khufu
Old (and greatest) Kingdom of Egypt; Built Great Pyramids at Giza.
76
Queen Hatshepsut
5th Emperor of New Kingdom of Egypt; Often dressed like a man and regarded as "her majesty"; 8 statues of her @ temple in Thebes (new capital).
77
Ramses II
Egypt's last great warrior pharaoh; ruled for 66 years; 4 pillar statues on facade of temple.
78
Amenhotep
Claimed to be the son and sole,prophet of Aton (the god identified with the sun disc); creates Armana style
79
Nefertiti
Wife of Amenhotep: name means "the beautiful one is here"
80
King Tutankhamen
Ruled during New Kingdom; King Tut; 1922 discovery of his tomb - burial mask.
81
Cleopatra
Big nose; last a pharaoh of Ancient Egypt; married to Mark Anthony; from Ptolemy family.
82
Daedalus
Greek mythological craftsmen and artisan who created the Labyrinth.
83
Polykleitos
Greek sculptor known for bronze and marble statues of athletes; "Spear Bearer"; created the standard of perfection (8:1); ideal correlations among body parts.
84
Pericles
In charge of military during Peloponnesian Wars; The Acropolis of Pericles in Athens includes Pantheon, Temple of Athena, etc.
85
Lord Elgin
Transported sculptures from Pantheon to Britain (Ottomans allowed him to) from 1799 to 1803.
86
Nike
Goddess of Victory; deity of Greek pantheon.
87
Lysippos
Greek sculptor, 1/3 great sculptors of Classical Greek Era; personal sculptor to Alexander the Great; example of rejecting stability.
88
Laocoon
Trojan priest killed with his sons by two sea servants after warning the Trojans against the wooden horse.
89
Augustus
Founder of Roman Empire and first Emperor; start of Pax Romana; sculptures/busts for propaganda.
90
Nero
Extravagant life; builds octagonal hall of Domus Aurea (Golden House); persecuted Christians. 64 AD Great Fire of Rome; last emperor in Julio-Claudian dynasty.
91
Vespasian
Roman general who built Colosseum; self portrait to contrast Nero.
92
Titus
Roman emperor of Flavian Dynasty; Arch of Titus represents triumph over Jerusalem in 70 AD.
93
Trajan
Declared by senate as "Optimus princess" (the best ruler); Spanish; popular; successful; built lots of cities.
94
Apollodorus of Damascus
Greek engineer, architect, designer, and sculptor from Syria; favorite of Trajan; Forum Trajanum, Trajan's Column, architect of Pantheon.
95
Hadrian
Roman emperor; rebuilt Pantheon (3rd version) & Temple of Venus and Roma; built Hadrian's Wall
96
Diocletian
One of biggest Christian persecutors of Late Empire; appointed tetrarchy.
97
Constantine
First Christian Roman emperor; edict of Milan - ends Christian persecution; called First Council of Nicaea; Arch of Constantine; built new imperial residence in Byzantine called New Rome - eventually called Constantinople.
98
Muhammad
Native of Mecca; final prophet; founder of Islam
99
Empower Justinian
Byzantine Emperor; hoped to restore Empire; last emperor to speak Latin - considered "Last Roman".
100
Charlemagne
Founded Carolingian Empire; Pope Leo III crowned him Holy Roman Emperor of Europe.
101
Otto III
Son of Otto II and Byzantine princess; Holy Roman Emporer.
102
William the Conquerer
First Norman King of England; conquered England.
103
Hildegard
German writer, composer, philosopher; picture of her receiving vision & dictating to scribe and secretary;
104
Gerard of Cologne
Cologne Cathedral; window - composed of multi-colored glass pieces.
105
Nicholas of Verdun
French artist/leading figure in Romanesque art; shrine of Three Kings (relic containing bones of 3 wise men) at Cologne Cathedral.

Art Appreciation (1 decks)

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