Midterm

Question 0

Photosynthesis consist of processes by which _______ are synthesized and manufactured

Answer 0

Assimilates

Question 1

Plant productivity depends on the production and use of assimilates

Answer 1

True

Question 2

Define Anabolism

Answer 2

Complex molecules ( proteins and fats) are formed from simpler ones

Question 3

Define catabolism

Answer 3

Used to describe the destructive reactions in the plant’s physiology

Question 4

Define Assimilates

Answer 4

Carbohydrates and other substances that are synthesized & manufactured in photosynthesis

Question 5

Define Metabolism

Answer 5

All chemical reactions involved in maintaining the living state of the cells and the organism

Question 6

The energy locked in anabolic products is made available through ______ a destructive process

Answer 6

Respiration

Question 7

Clearly explain the importance of metabolism

Answer 7

Metabolism maintains the living state of the cells and the organism

Question 8

Over ____ of dry matter of crop plants depends on photosynthetic activity

Answer 8

90%

Question 9

Crop yields depends on the rate of duration of photosynthesis

Answer 9

True

Question 10

What are the primary producers and how important are they in the ecosystem

Answer 10

Plants. They are the ultimate source of food for life on Earth

Question 11

The leaf is the principal plant organ of _______ in which photosynthesis occurs.

Answer 11

Eukaryotes

Question 12

Where in the leaf does photosynthesis occur?

Answer 12

Chloroplasts

Question 13

All organisms require energy for their chemical reactions

Answer 13

True

Question 14

Photosynthesis also involves two other pigments

Answer 14

Carotenoids- yellow/red pigments found in plants, algae, and photosynthetic bacteria

Phycobilins- red, orange, and blue pigments water soluble found in Cyanobacteria and red algae

Question 15

What is chlorophyll and how important is it in the process of photosynthesis

Answer 15

An enzyme and a protein. Most abundant enzyme or protein on Earth. Actually captures sunlight ( light energy)

Question 16

These reactions may be involved with reproduction, growth, or other activities

Answer 16

Chemical reactions

Question 17

Photosynthetic organisms such as plants use _____ energy to produce carbohydrate

Answer 17

Light

Question 18

Clearly explain the process of photosynthesis

Answer 18

Plants and bacteria use the energy from sunlight to produce sugar, which cellular respiration converts into ATP

Question 19

What is the equation representing the general reaction for photosynthesis

Answer 19

6H2O + 6CO2———> C6 H12 O6 + 6O2

Question 20

Photosynthesis can be discussed with reference to the fate of CO2 in 3 steps. List the 3 steps

Answer 20

1. Entry of CO2 into plant organs by the process of diffusion
2. Harvesting light by photochemical process 3. Reduction of CO2 biochemical processes

Question 21

Carbon Dioxide enters the plant by diffusion Explain

Answer 21

Diffusion is the movement of molecules from a region of higher concentration of those molecules to a region of lower concentration

Question 22

CO2 availability is affected by many factors Explain 1

Answer 22

Opening and closing of the stomata opening the aperture of the pores is controlled by water in the guard cell

Question 23

What are guard cells and what role do they play

Answer 23

2 cells that flank the stoma/stomata they control the opening and closing of the stoma ( controls transpiration)

Question 24

Define Xylem

Answer 24

The supporting and water conducting tissue of plants

Question 25

Define Phloem

Answer 25

The food conducting tissue of vascular plants

Question 26

Define stoma

Answer 26

A pore in the epidermis of the leaf through which gases and water vapor pass through

Question 27

Define Cuticle

Answer 27

Made of cutin, covers the epidermis and prevents excessive water loss

Question 28

Light absorbing pigments are packed into ______ in discrete units called photo systems

Answer 28

Thylakoids

Question 29

Photosynthesis is a 2 step process

Answer 29

Light Dependent-- requires the direct energy of light to make energy carrier molecules that are used in the second process Light Independent--- occurs when the products of the light reaction are used to form carbs

Question 30

What is ATP

Answer 30

Light Dependent stage of Photosynthesis the energy received from the sun is stored in the form of ATP is also passed from the light dependent stage to the dark stage or the light independent stage to be used as energy in that process as well

Question 31

In a photo system only a pair chlorophyll molecules out of all the pigments present is capable of using the light energy absorbed

Answer 31

True

Question 32

What is photo phosphorylation

Answer 32

The reaction by which ATP is formed from ADP and Phosphorus

Question 33

The final step in photosynthesis involves biochemical process that result in the _____ or assimilation of CO2

Answer 33

Fixation

Question 34

What is the difference between a C3 and C4 plant and give an example of each

Answer 34

C3 have a higher rate of CO2 assimilation at low light intensity C4 plants have a lower CO2 compensation point because they are more efficient in trapping CO2 than C3 plants Irradiance increases C4 higher rate of CO2 assimilation

Question 35

What is Carbon Fixation

Answer 35

The process in plants and algae by which atmospheric carbon dioxide is converted into organic carbon compounds

Question 36

C3 plant experience a loss in energy through a process called photo respiration

Answer 36

True

Question 37

What is photo respiration

Answer 37

It is the light dependent production of glycolic acid in the chloroplast

Question 38

Unlike respiration, photo respiration produces no ATP

Answer 38

True

Question 39

A third pathway in CO2 assimilation is Crassulacean acid metabolism

Answer 39

By fixing CO2 in the dark

Question 40

The rate of photosynthesis in higher plants is affected by a number of environmental factors list 2

Answer 40

Irradiance increasing intensity of light increases the rate of photosynthesis to a point Temperature the photosynthetic rate decreases as temperature decreases enzymes are involved in CO2 assimilation enzymes are temperature sensitive

Question 41

C4 plants have a higher rate of CO2 assimilation at low light intensity than C3 plants.

Answer 41

False

Question 42

When plants grow in ____ light, their leaves grow longer

Answer 42

Low

Question 43

Leaves of plant grown in _____ high light intensity are _____ thicker and broader than when grown

Answer 43

High, Thickef

Question 44

How does temperature affect photosynthesis

Answer 44

CO2 assimilation involves enzymes, enzymes are temperature sensitive

Question 45

Generally in temperate plant species the rate of CO2 assimilation doubles for each 20 degrees Celsius increase in temperature provided light is not limiting

Answer 45

False

Question 46

Under conditions of moisture stress, caused by low soil moisture or drying winds, the rate of ________ loss exceeds __________ absorption of water

Answer 46

Transpiration root

Question 47

Photosynthesis occurs in ______ and respiration in the ________

Answer 47

Chloroplasts, Mitochondria

Question 48

What is the difference between growth and maintenance respiration

Answer 48

Growth refers to the biosynthesis process within a growing organ and related Phloem transport Maintenance refers to the CO2 released, O2 consumed during basal rate of metabolism of usable energy