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FCM 2 Midterm > Midterm > Flashcards

Midterm Flashcards

0
Q

Zhen qi is received from _________ and combines with grain qi to make the body full

A

Heaven (source qi)

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1
Q

Zhen qi is also known as _________ or ________ qi

A

true; right

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2
Q

Zong qi is also known as _______, ___________, or __________ qi

A

chest; ancestral; gathering

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3
Q

Zong qi gathers in the chest which is also known as the _______ of ______

A

sea of qi

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4
Q

Zong qi drives the _________ and regulates the pulses and breathing

A

heart

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5
Q

Wiseman states that zong qi is reflected in the strength of the _________

A

voice

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6
Q

Which qi is fierce, bold, and uninhibited?

A

Wei qi

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7
Q

T/F wei qi warms the organs internally

A

true

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8
Q

T/F wei qi in the exterior flows through the skin and flesh

A

true

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9
Q

Wei can help keep ________ lusterous and healthy

A

skin

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10
Q

Wei qi is also known as ___________ qi

A

defensive

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11
Q

Ying qi is known as _____________ or __________ qi

A

construction or nutritive

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12
Q

T/F ying qi helps form muscle

A

false, it helps form blood

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13
Q

Ying qi is known to flow within the _________ of the blood

A

vessels

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14
Q

Describe the process by which blood is formed

A

middle burner takes in qi, extracts the essence from qi, and turns that essence into blood

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15
Q

Which organ plays a vital role in the formation of blood?

A

lung

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16
Q

Zhong qi is known as _________ or _________ qi

A

central; middle

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17
Q

Which organs is zhong qi closely related to?

A

spleen and stomach

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18
Q

Zhong qi plays a vital role in ___________ the pure and __________ the turbid

A

upbear; downbear

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19
Q

Failure of the spleen to upbear the pure in the body can lead to organ __________

A

prolapse

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20
Q

Upright qi is also known as __________ qi

A

zheng

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21
Q

T/F Zheng qi is the body’s weapon against xie/evil qi

A

True

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22
Q

T/F Zheng qi is known to help the body maintain homeostasis

A

False, its job is to maintain overall health and resist disease

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23
Q

What are the 4 main pathologies of qi?

A

vacuity, qi fall, stagnation, and counterflow

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24
Q

When we talk about qi vacuity, we usually refer to vacuity in ________/yuan qi

A

zhen

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25
Q

What factors cause qi vacuity?

A

illness, old age, weak constitution, malnutrition

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26
Q

Qi vacuity is often characterized by what symptoms?

A

weakness and lack of strength

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27
Q

T/F Qi fall is a less serious form of qi vacuity?

A

false, it is a more advanced condition of qi vacuity

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28
Q

Qi fall is typically the downward falling of qi, which often leads to ___________

A

prolapse

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29
Q

What are the main symptoms of qi fall?

A

dizziness and abdominal distention

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30
Q

__________ ____________ is the disruption of the normal flow of qi in an area of the body

A

qi stagnation

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31
Q

Name some of the factors that cause qi stagnation

A

emotions, dietary irregularities, external evils, trauma

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32
Q

What are the primary symptoms of qi stagnation?

A

local pain, distention, pain that fluctuates in intensity

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33
Q

In what two organs is counterflow qi usually exhibited?

A

lungs and stomach

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34
Q

What is counterflow qi?

A

when downbearing disrupted and qi then moves upward

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35
Q

What are the symptoms of qi counterflow in the lungs and stomach?

A

wheezing, coughing or nausea, hiccup, belching, vomiting

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36
Q

Xue/Blood is derived from the __________ qi from food

A

essential

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37
Q

How does xue or blood get its red color?

A

Transformation by the Construction qi and Lung

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38
Q

The heart is said to __________ the blood

A

govern

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39
Q

The liver is said to __________ the blood at night when the body rests

A

store

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40
Q

The spleen is said to __________ the blood and prevent it from spilling out of the vessels

A

manage

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41
Q

The blood nourishes different parts of the body. For example, the liver receives blood so we have the ability to _______

A

see (remember, the livers wood organ are the eyes)

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42
Q

What are the pathologies of blood?

A

blood vacuity, blood stasis, blood heat

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43
Q

What causes blood vacuity?

A

hemorrhage, reduced blood production, an impairment to blood’s ability to nourish the body

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44
Q

What are the main signs and symptoms of blood vacuity?

A

dizziness, palpitations, lusterless facial complexion, pale lips and tongue, fine pulse, insomnia, “flowery” vision, dry skin and hair

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45
Q

What causes the stagnation or stasis of the blood?

A

stagnant or deficient qi, cold that congeals the blood, heat that boils or dries the blood, and physical trauma

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46
Q

What are the main symptoms of blood stasis?

A

dull and dark facial complexion, green/blue or purple lips, speckles on the tongue, fine rough pulse (bc blood cant get through)

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47
Q

If you have blood stasis in a particular area, what are the main symptoms?

A

stabbing pain in the fixed local area, swelling (from blood buildup)

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48
Q

_________ __________ cause blood heat

A

heat toxins

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49
Q

What are the main signs and symptoms of blood heat?

A

reckless movement of blood (crazy bleeding or bleeding disorders), rashes or eruptions on the skin (macopapular eruptions)

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50
Q

What are the 5 main body constituents?

A

skin, muscle, sinews, bone, and vessels

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51
Q

What organ is the skin/pi related to?

A

lungs

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52
Q

T/F body hair is not related to the skin

A

False, the skin includes body hair as well

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53
Q

What are the main functions of the skin?

A

protect the body, regulate fluids, regulate temperature

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54
Q

What organ governs the flesh and limbs (muscles/ji rou)

A

spleen

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55
Q

What functions of the spleen assist in the formation of blood?

A

transformation and transportation

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56
Q

___________ nourishes the muscles and the four limbs

A

blood

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57
Q

What are the functions of the muscles?

A

protects the organs (viscera), helps facilitate movement along with the sinews and bones

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58
Q

What organ holds the viscera in place to prevent prolapse?

A

spleen

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59
Q

What organ are the sinews/jin related to?

A

liver

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60
Q

What are the main functions of the sinews/jin?

A

connects the joints which allows bending and stretching, helps facilitate movement along with the muscles and bones

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61
Q

T/F bones, muscles, and tendons act as pulleys and levers in the body?

A

true

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62
Q

The bones or gu is dependent upon the strength of _________ organ qi to function properly

A

kidney

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63
Q

What are the functions of the bones or gu?

A

upholds the body, protects the organs (viscera), holds marrow, works with the sinews and muscles to aid in movement

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64
Q

What organ controls the blood vessels/mai?

A

heart

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65
Q

What are the main functions of the blood vessels?

A

transport qi (ying qi) and blood

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66
Q

All yang points converge at the head at what point?

A

du 20 (hundred meetings)

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67
Q

The head is said to house ____________

A

intelligence

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68
Q

What are the 7 orifices in the body?

A

2 eyes, 2 ears, 2 noseholes, mouth

anus and genitals as extra lower yin

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69
Q

What organ does facial complexion relate to?

A

heart

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70
Q

Where does cold typically enter through?

A

the neck (jing), which is shown as a stiff neck

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71
Q

T/F the neck (jing) and nape of the neck (jing bei) is prone to muscular issues and fluid stagnation

A

true

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72
Q

What organ channels runs along the back (bei)?

A

UB channel

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73
Q

The ________ _______ points are also located on the back and can relate to specific organs

A

back shu

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74
Q

Zong qi is related to which part of the body that is in the thoracic area?

A

chest (xiong)

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75
Q

T/F the chest houses the kidneys

A

false, the chest houses the heat and lung

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76
Q

What factors can lead to chest pain?

A

heart qi vacuity, heart blood stasis, cold, phlegm turbidity, and lung issues

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77
Q

What organs does the hypochondrium (xie) relate to?

A

liver and gall bladder

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78
Q

Ribside or hypochondrium pain can be caused by what issues?

A

liver qi stagnation, liver fire, and shao yang disease

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79
Q

The lower back or lumbus is said to house the __________

A

kidneys

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80
Q

T/F the health of the intestines is said to be reflected in the lower back

A

false, the health of the kidneys is reflected in lower back

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81
Q

Lower back pain generally indicates a deficiency in ________ organ balance

A

kidney

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82
Q

The channels that are related to the lower back are?

A

du, dai, and UB

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83
Q

What organ governs the four limbs?

A

spleen

84
Q

The ________ organ governs physical movement

A

liver

85
Q

T/F when the sinews are nourished by liver blood, then we can bend and stretch

A

true

86
Q

What are the two lower yin according to the 7 orifices?

A

anus and genitals

87
Q

The ear is related to what organ?

A

kidneys

88
Q

T/F when kidney qi is abundant then hearing becomes more clear and acute

A

true

89
Q

T/F deficiency in kidney can not only affect the lower back, but can impair hearing

A

true

90
Q

T/F Damp heat is usually internally contracted

A

false, it is externally contracted, usually by eating a lot of fatty, greasy food

91
Q

Eating fatty greasy food too much can cause damp heat which enters what channel?

A

shao yang channel (GB is the foot shao yang), this then enters through to the ear

92
Q

What other channel enters the ear and affects its function?

A

small intestine channel (hand tai yang)

93
Q

__________ and _________ dampness is a major cause of pediatric ear infection due to food stagnation

A

spleen and stomach

94
Q

The eyes may reflect signs and symptoms of the __________

A

liver (thats why in jaundice the yellow can take over the sclera)

95
Q

What two additional organs can affect the eyes?

A

kidneys and spleen dampness (spleen can create the sand in the eye)

96
Q

Tearing, burning, swelling, and twitching of the eyes is caused by _________ __________

A

wind heat

97
Q

The nose is governed by what organ?

A

lungs

98
Q

Pathologies of the nose can be caused by what organ pairs?

A

lung and spleen; lung and kidneys

99
Q

Lungs _________ qi and kidneys are the ________ of qi

A

governs; root

100
Q

What organ opens up at the mouth?

A

spleen

101
Q

The ________ channel are the upper teeth and gums and the __________ ___________ channel is the lower teeth and gums

A

stomach; large intestine

102
Q

___________ is said to engender bone and marrow

A

kidneys

103
Q

Teeth can reflect the health of what organ?

A

kidney

104
Q

The tongue opens to what organ?

A

heart (tongue is said to be made of the same tissue as the heart)

105
Q

___________ qi is responsible for the tongue coat

A

stomach

106
Q

What two channels connect to the tongue?

A

spleen and kidneys

107
Q

The throat is associated with what organ?

A

lungs (remember the lung channel goes to the throat)

108
Q

A sore dry throat is primarily caused by _________ ________

A

wind heat

109
Q

What organ controls the two lower yins (anus and genitals)

A

kidneys

110
Q

T/F kidney qi is responsible for driving the transformation of fluids into urine

A

true

111
Q

T/F disruption of kidney qi can lead to abnormal discharges, spermatorrhea, leucorrhea (vaginal discharge)

A

true

112
Q

If kidney qi is disrupted, how is the anterior yin (qian) affected?

A

urinary frequency, incontinence (involuntary excretion), reduced flow or volume of urine

113
Q

What organs are primarily affected in the posterior yin if the kidney qi is disrupted?

A

large intestine, lungs, spleen

114
Q

What are the 6 factors that cause disease?

A

Wind, heat, damp, dryness, summerheat, cold

115
Q

T/F wind is a rare external pathogenic factor

A

false, wind is the primary EPF

116
Q

What other factor can affect the cause of disease?

A

weather and climate

117
Q

What other factors can combine with wind to enter body and cause disease?

A

heat, cold, damp/phlegm

118
Q

What season is wind prevalent?

A

spring

119
Q

Wind is typically characterized by what signs?

A

sudden onset of disease, rapid changes and movement of disease

120
Q

What are the main symptoms of wind issues?

A

tremors, shaking, dizziness, moving pain, itching

121
Q

Wind likes to attack which areas of the body first?

A

upper and outer portions

122
Q

T/F wind can be caused by external invasions AND internal disharmony

A

true

123
Q

Name the primary wind patterns

A

liver wind stirring internally, extreme heat engendering wind, and blood vacuity engendering wind

124
Q

What season is cold prevalent?

A

winter

125
Q

What areas of the body does cold like to invade?

A

abdomen and internal organs

126
Q

Cold typically consumes the ________ qi of the body, which gives rise to cold signs and symptoms

A

yang

127
Q

Cold is known to ________ and ________ normal movement

A

constrict/contract and obstruct

128
Q

What two issues can arises when cold is present?

A

qi stagnation and blood stasis (therefore, cold can give rise to pain)

129
Q

What season is heat related to?

A

summer

130
Q

T/F Heat usually moves downward and affects the stomach, kidneys, and liver

A

false, heat moves up and causes red face, red eyes, and red tongue

131
Q

What organ is the most susceptible to heat issues?

A

heart

132
Q

What are some of the properties of heat?

A

stirs wind (leads to seizure/convulsions) and speeds up movement (rapid pulse and reckless bleeding)

133
Q

T/F external pathogens can at some point transform to heat

A

true

134
Q

When is dampness more prevalent?

A

late summer

135
Q

What organ is really vulnerable to damp?

A

spleen

136
Q

What are the properties of dampness?

A

heaviness and turbidity because dampness tends to stagnate things

137
Q

What season is dryness more prevalent?

A

fall

138
Q

What organ is vulnerable to dryness?

A

lungs

139
Q

Externally, dryness can be related to our _____________

A

environments (dry regions or super heated apartments)

140
Q

Internally, dryness can be related to ________

A

heat

141
Q

Summer heat is prevalent during which season?

A

summer

142
Q

What are the properties of summer heat?

A

moves upward and consumes fluids

143
Q

Summer heat can be presented as heat _______ and heat ________

A

heat (fever, surging pulse, no sweat, weak, dry tongue)

damp (loss of apetite, nausea/vomit, sloppy stool, slimy tongue fur, fluctuating fever)

144
Q

What are the 7 Affects/Emotions that are main contributors to internal causes of disease?

A

anger, grief/sadness, fear, fright/shock, anxiety/worry, joy, thought/overthinking

145
Q

The seven affects or emotions are usually our response to _________ stimuli

A

external

146
Q

When our emotions occur in excess over a long period of time, they can damage which vital substances?

A

blood, qi, yin/yang

147
Q

Relate the 7 affects/emotions with their organs

A 
anger - liver
joy - heart
grief - lungs
worry - jeart
overthinking - spleen
fear - kidney
fright - kidney/heart
148
Q

What are the 5 spirits

A 
shen - conscious mind
po - corporeal soul or animal spirit
hun - ethereal soul
yi - intellect
zhi - will/mind
150
Q

The _________ is said to be the conscious mind and the ________ is the seat of the conscious mind

A

shen; heart

151
Q

T/F if the heart fulfills its function and qi/blood are abundant, then the spirit will be quiet

A

true, if the heart is disrupted then the shen will be disturbed

152
Q

The po resides in what organ?

A

lungs

153
Q

T/F the po is our spirit to leave the earth

A

false, it is the spirit that animates us and gives us our physical senses

154
Q

The hun is housed by what organ?

A

liver

155
Q

The liver stores the blood and in exchange the blood houses the __________ soul

A

ethereal

156
Q

The yi is reflected in what organ?

A

spleen

157
Q

T/F the yi gives us the ability to think critically, take in new information and formulate new ideas

A

true

158
Q

The zhi is related and is stored in the ____________

A

kidneys

159
Q

T/F the strength of zhi allows us to fulfill the vision of our higher selves, along with determination and focus

A

true

160
Q

The other miscellaneous causes of disease are?

A 
constitution (pre and post heaven)
trauma
pestilential qi (harmful qi)
insect bites
parasites
wrong treatment/medication
161
Q

Our constitutions determine how well our bodies can __________ against disease

A

defend

162
Q

What factors affect pre heaven constitution?

A

parent’s qi/jing, parent’s age, gestational nourishment, emotions

163
Q

What factors affect post heaven constitution?

A

diet, overwork/lack of exercise, sexual activity, emotions

164
Q

Ancient Chinese suggested how many years between children in order to let the mothers rest and rejuvenate so that kidney jing and constitution is not weakened?

A

5 years

165
Q

What are the five taxations?

A

prolonged vision affects blood, prolonged laying affects qi, prolonged sitting affects flesh, prolonged standing affects bones, prolonged walking affects sinews

166
Q

Describe the wood body type.

A

Capable of flexible and quick movements. Likes to work and leans toward depression if out of balance. Good tolerance to summer/spring. Darker complexion. Can get sick or injured easily. Likes challenges. i.e. Michael Jackson

167
Q

Describe the Fire body type.

A

Thick spine and red skin. Wide head that comes to point and has angular features. Emotionally sensitive. Focused on what others think. Can be bald. Good in summer and spring. Overthinks. i.e. George Costanza

168
Q

Describe the earth body type.

A

Thick legs and muscles. Is more of a peacemaker and gets along with everyone. Round face and big head. Fall and winter are better for them. Big time givers. Tend to overcommit themselves. i.e. Dr. Levenson

169
Q

Describe the metal body type.

A

Square jaw and shoulders. Small back and shoulders. Strong skeleton and is a serious worker/efficient. Really organized. Very independent and not really big muscular wise. They know what is right because they like to judge. Isolated personality. i.e. Clint Eastwood

170
Q

Describe the water body type.

A

Lacks luster and big head/big abdomen. Narrow shoulders. Darker complexion. Artistic and have fullness bc strong kidneys. Likes fall. Can be deceptive and manipulative. Wise.

171
Q

Are fluids yin or yang?

A

yin

172
Q

What are the two pathologies of fluids?

A 
Temporary vacuity (causing dryness)
Humor desertion (MAJOR depletion of fluids)
173
Q

What organs play a vital role in fluids?

A

Lungs, spleen, and kidney

174
Q

What are the two types of phlegm?

A

Internal - accumulates on the interior and can be seen as nodules

External - phlegm that we cough up or blow out of nose, seen exteriorly

175
Q

What is rheum?

A

Pathological collection of fluids in one area of the body due to non movement

176
Q

T/F Phlegm can move anywhere via the san jiao and qi movement

A

true

177
Q

Phlegm can be produced by any improper function of the ________, __________, and ___________ organs

A

lung, spleen, and kidneys

178
Q

Phlegm is merely _______ with form, and ________ is merely formless phlegm

A

fire and fire

179
Q

Qi is the _________ of blood and blood is the __________ of qi

A

commander; mother

180
Q

Gangrene is a form of ________ __________ in the extremities

A

blood stasis

181
Q

What causes the emergence of disease in our bodies?

A

insufficiency of zheng/right qi, xie/evil qi, and the fighting between zheng and xie qi

182
Q

The two main types of disease patterns are ________ (shi) and ________ (xu)

A

excess; deficiency

183
Q

What are the causes of excess (shi) disease patterns?

A

the six evils, pathogens, stagnation and accumulation of qi, phlegm/water, food, or blood

184
Q

What are the primary signs and symptoms of excess disease?

A

fullness, pain that does not like pressure, panting/wheezing, inability to urinate, delirium

185
Q

What is the main cause of deficient disease patterns?

A

Chronic diseases (consumes our vital substances and fluids)

186
Q

T/F Chronic diseases weakens our right qi

A

true

187
Q

What are the general signs and symptoms of deficient conditions?

A

listless spirit, white facial complexion, body fatigue, palpations, shortness of breath, physical cold, five centers heat, loose stool/diarrhea, frequent urination, pale tongue, weak/thin pulse

188
Q

The 4 basic patterns of yin/yang disharmony are?

A

excess yin, excess yang, deficient yin, deficient yang

189
Q

Excess yang (excess heat) is typically caused by what factors?

A

heat, cold pathogen that transformed to heat, emotional imbalance, qi and blood stagnation that turned to heat, hot diet

190
Q

Signs and symptoms of excess yang include?

A

fever, aversion to heat, red face/eyes, rough breathing, loud voice, bitter taste, desire for cold liquids, red tongue, yellow and dry fur, surging rapid and forceful pulse

191
Q

Excess yin conditions are caused by what factors?

A

cold, damp, yin pathogens, or excessive consumption of raw/cold food

192
Q

What are the main signs and symptoms of excess yin?

A

cold body/limbs, aversion to cold, pale tongue, pulse is slow and forceless

193
Q

What are the main causes of yang deficiency?

A

weak pre heaven qi, lack of nutrition, overwork, chronic disease, old age

194
Q

What are the signs and symptoms of yang deficiency (deficient cold)?

A

bright white facial complexion, fatigue, lack of strength, fear of cold, cold limbs/body, lying in fetal position, spontaneous sweating, large and tender tongue, slow forceless pulse

195
Q

What are the causes of deficient yin (deficient heat)?

A

congenital deficiencies, pathogenic yang that damages yin, unbalanced emotions, chronic disease, overwork, hot foods, old age

196
Q

What are the main signs and symptoms of yin deficiency?

A

dryness, thirst, malar flush, 5 centers heat, night sweat, insomnia, tender red tongue with little or no fur, fine pulse

197
Q

T/F deficient yin damages yang and deficient yang damages yin?

A

true

198
Q

In chronic cases of yin deficiency, it can over time weaken essential qi of the ________ and weaken yang

A

kidneys

199
Q

Signs and symptoms of deficient yin damaging yang are?

A

aversion to cold, cold limbs, deep weak pulse, heat signs caused by yin deficiency

200
Q

In chronic yang deficiency, the essential qi of the ________ can again be damaged

A

kidneys

201
Q

Chronic yang deficiency can cause an inability to produce ______ fluid

A

yin

202
Q

Signs and symptoms of yang damaging yin are?

A

thin body, irratibility, dryness, upper body heat, cold signs from yang deficiency

203
Q

What is yin yang collapse?

A

When yin fluid or yang qi is suddenly and excessively lost

204
Q

What is imminent if yin yang collapse is not fixed?

A

death

205
Q

What causes yin yang collapse?

A

the pathogen is so strong, the right qi cannot resist and yang collapses (excessive sweating, bleeding, diarrhea can also cause loss of yang qi)

206
Q

Signs and symptoms of yang collapse are?

A

profuse cold sweat, very cold limbs, sleeping in fetal position, listlessness, faint deep pulse

207
Q

What causes yin collapse?

A

several pathogenic heat, severe bleeding, diarrhea, sweating and vomiting

208
Q

Signs and symptoms of yin collapse are?

A

profuse sticky sweat, warm limbs, shortness of breath, thirst, irritability, rapid and faint pulse

FCM 2 Midterm (1 decks)

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