MIDTERM

Question 1

Symbols meaning

Answer 1

ι = Hydraulic Gradient
h = loss of head from A to B
L = length of flow over A to B
V = discharge velocity
K = hydraulic conductivity or coefficient of permeability
q = Flow rate
A = cross sectional area
Vs = seepage Velocity
n = porosity
e = void ratio
Q = Volume of water collected
t = duration of water collected
h = constant head between inlet and outlet
a = area of standpipe
h1 h2 = heads
r1 = smaller
r2 = larger or away
D10= effective size
c = constant that varies from 10 to 50mm2
h = capillary rise in mm

Question 2

Known as Darcy slope (determines quantity of Darcy flux or discharge)

vector gradient between 2 or more hydraulic head measurements over the length of the flow path

Answer 2

Hydraulic Gradient

Question 3

is a measure of a given porous medium ability to permit fluid flow through its voids

Interconnected voids that permits water to pass through under gradient force.

Answer 3

Permeability

Question 4

The ability of an aquifer to transmit water through its entire thickness

Answer 4

Transmissivity or transmissibility

Question 5

Ground-water reservoir, underground layer of water-bearing permeable rock, rock fractures, or unconsolidated materials where groundwater can be extracted using a water well.

Answer 5

Aquifer

Question 6

Is the rate of flow of water through porous medium per unit cross-sectional area.

Used to solve for coefficient of permeability

Answer 6

Discharge Velocity

Question 7

Represents the average velocity of flowing groundwater within pores of a porous medium.

Actual velocity (?)

flow of water through soil

Answer 7

Seepage Velocity

Question 8

Use to determine the coefficient of permeability of coarse-grained soil

Answer 8

Constant Head Test

Question 9

Who made the Darcy’s Law or Darcy’s permeability of soil

Answer 9

Henry Darcy

Question 10

Hydraulic Gradient formula

Answer 10

ι =h/L

Question 11

Discharge Velocity Formula

Answer 11

V=K ι
V=Q/At
Q=AV

Question 12

Flow Rate Formula

Answer 12

Q=K ι A

Question 13

Seepage Velocity Formula

Answer 13

Vs=V/n

Question 14

Porosity Formula

Answer 14

n=e/1+e

Question 15

Constant Head formula

Answer 15

K=QL/Aht

Question 16

Falling Head Test

Answer 16

K=(aL/At) ln (h1/h2)

Question 17

Area formula

Answer 17

π/4 (D^2)

Question 18

mm-m
cm-m
mm-cm

Answer 18

1/1000
1/100
1/10

Question 19

Unconfined Aquifer Formula

Answer 19

Q ln (r1/r2) / π(h1^2 - h2^2)

Question 20

Confined Aquifer formula

Answer 20

K= Q ln (r1/r2) / 2πt (h1-h2)

Question 21

Transmissibility formula

Answer 21

K= Q ln (r1/r2) / 2π (z1-z2)

Question 22

Total Stress Formula

Answer 22

σ =Σδ h

Question 23

Pore water pressure formula

Answer 23

u=δ sat(h)

Question 24

Effective Stress Formula

Answer 24

σ ‘=σ- u

Question 25

Capillary Stress formula

Answer 25

c=S(δ w) (h)

Question 26

Capillary Rise formula

Answer 26

h= c/eD10

Question 27

Gamma dry

Answer 27

δ d= Gs δ w / 1+e

Question 28

Gamma moist

Answer 28

(Gs+Se) δ w / 1+e

Question 29

Gamma sat

Answer 29

δ sat= (Gs+e) δ w / 1+e

Question 30

Porosity formula

Answer 30

e / 1+e

Question 31

Describes how fast water flows through the soil voids.

Answer 31

Hydraulic Conductivity

Question 32

Sponge term, ratio of volume of voids to the total volume of soil

Answer 32

Porosity

Question 33

Ratio of empty spaces in soil

Answer 33

Void Ratio

Question 34

Meaning of r

Answer 34

distance from test well to observation well r1 is the nearest

Question 35

Meaning of z

Answer 35

water level dropped, should be subtracted to height z1 is for h1

Question 36

Movement of pore water from lower elevation to higher elevation, experiencing upward pull

Answer 36

Capillary Rise

Question 37

The pressure transmitted through particles' contact with each other. (grain-to-grain interaction). Deformation of soil.

Answer 37

Effective Stress

Question 38

It is the pressure of grounwater or fluids in the pore space of rock

Answer 38

Pore Water Pressure

Question 39

Have a layer of impenetrable rock or clay above them, usually deeper than unconfined aquifer

Answer 39

Confined Aquifer

Question 40

Lie below the permeable layer of soil, being recharged by rainwater or snow melt.

Answer 40

Unconfined Aquifer

Question 41

Used to determine the coefficient of permeability of sands/silts/clays

Answer 41

Falling Head Test