Midterm Flashcards
(118 cards)
1
Q
Aseptic
A
A condition free of microorganisms which can reproduce
2
Q
Sepsis
A
Contamination or infection
3
Q
Sterile
A
Used interchangeably with aseptic
4
Q
Parenteral
A
Administration by some means other than oral or rectal intake, IV or Inj
5
Q
Aseptic Technique
A
The ability of a person to manipulate sterile preparations done in controlled conditions
6
Q
Critical site
A
Any point which a sterile product may be contaminated
7
Q
Controlled Pharmacy environment needs
A
Specially trained pharmacy staff
8
Q
What are sources of contamination
A
Touch
Distractions
Airborne
Surroundings
Material
9
Q
Enteral Admin
A
Administered Via GI
10
Q
Rectal Admin
A
Inserted into the rectum
11
Q
Parenteral Admin
A
Injection or Infusion
12
Q
IV
A
intravenous
13
Q
IM
A
Intramuscular
14
Q
ID
A
Intradermal
15
Q
SC (SQ)
A
Subcutaneous
16
Q
IT
A
Intrathecal (spinal Column)
17
Q
IP
A
Intraperitoneal (dialysis)
18
Q
Intravitreal
A
Rear Eye Chamber
19
Q
Intraocular
A
Into the eye
20
Q
Subconjunctival
A
Into Conjunction
21
Q
Systemic
A
Whole Body
22
Q
Local
A
Specific area
23
Q
Drug Injection
A
Liquid preparation
24
Q
Drug For Injection
A
Dry requiring Reconstitution
25
Drug Injectable Emulsion
Dissolved or dispersed in emulsion
26
Drug Injectable suspension
dry suspended in liquid medium
27
Drug for injectable suspension
Dr solid requiring reconstitution
28
Intermittent IV
small amounts for short period of time
29
IV Push
Small amounts administered by needle into vein
30
TPN
For Long term IV admin for nutrients
31
Latex Allergy Complication
Bags, Vial, Gloves, Equipment
32
Infection Complication
Due to contamination
33
Infiltration Complication
Needle dislodge
34
Extravasation Complication
Fluids of vein escape through the vascular wall
35
Overhydration complication
Decreased concentration of plasma and electrolytes
36
Pyrogenicity
fever due to injected pyrogens
37
particulation complication
introduction of particulate matter
38
Necrosis Complication
Death of tissue
39
Embolism Complication
Sudden blocking of a blood vessel
40
Air embolism complication
Embolism due to air bubbles in vein
41
thrombosis complication
Intravascular blood clot
42
Thrombophlebitis complication
Blood clot formation and inflammation of vein
43
Speed shock complication
shock from solution administered too quickly
44
Pain at inj site
Needle touches vein wall
Too much tension is on the needle/tubing
45
Coring of Vial
Bits of rubber stopper in solution
46
Normal pH of blood
7.35-7.45
47
Acidosis
When blood pH is below 7.4
48
Alkalosis
Blood pH is above 7.4
49
pH of IV solution should not
very from normal pH
50
Osmotic pressure
pressure required to maintain equilibrium within cells
51
semi-permeable membrane allows...
only the solvent to flow through
52
osmolality is...
osmotic concentration
53
Tonicity is...
the ability of cell walls to prevent the passage of ioans and molecules
54
Isotonic solution
solvent and solute are balanced
55
hypotonic solution
solvent exceeds solute
56
hypertonic solution
solute exceeds solvent
57
Compatibility
The combination of two or more additives w/in solution
58
chemical Incompatibilities results...
may result in oxidation
59
physical incompatibilities
one solution alters the solubility of another
60
therapeutic incompatibilities
when the response to one or more drugs differs in the nature or intensity than what the physician intended
61
Steam sterilization
- Done in autoclave
- The more amount of pressure means less time
-Non Porous items
62
Dry-Heat sterilization
- sterilizing ovens
- less effective in killings microorganisms
- temp and duration if dif for each product
-
63
filtration Sterilization
- Physical removal of microorganisms or mechanism
64
Gas sterilization
- For heat and moisture sensitive
-Highly flammable
- needs greater precautions
65
Ionizing radiation
- gamma rays and cathode rays
66
Sterile culture media
- detects only grossly contaminated products
67
Membrane Filtration
Recommended for products with preservatives or intrinsic bacteriostatic
68
Limulus Amebocyte Lysate
- lysate will cause solution to gel in an hour if endotoxins are present
69
Rabbit test
- body temp increase if pyrogens are present
70
In anteroom all equipment must be....
disinfected
71
If LAFH is turned off you must...
Turn on for 30 minutes before cleaning
72
low risk compounding
mixing no more than three commercial products
73
Medium Risk compounding
4 or more additives of sterile products
74
High Risk Compounding
Prepared from non-sterile compounds that must be sterilized
75
Type 1 hypersensitivity
Immediate reaction
76
Type 2 hypersensitivity
Delayed reaction
77
Antibiotic resistant organisms are...
Bacteria that is resistant to the effects of antibiotics
78
MRSA is...
Staph infection that is found in the nares and on the skin
79
VRE
Bacteria found in bowel and genital tract, can hospitalize people with low immune system
80
VRSA
Strain of Staph that is resistant to vancomycin
81
Clostridium difficile
shed in feces, transferred via unwashed hands, must be physically isolated
82
Tuberculosis is...
a respiratory infections transmitted through airborne droplets
83
Febrile respiratory illness
respiratory infection that produces a fever
84
Influenza
Respiratory infection caused by but influenza virus, spreads through droplets that are inhaled
85
Airborne precautions
N95 mask and pt masl
86
Droplet precaution
Mask, gloves, eye protection
87
Contact precaution
Gown, gloves, etc, strict handwashing
88
outside of CPA how do you sterilize?
Chemical solution on steam
89
Process before entering work environment
1. check order and and materials needed
2. generate labels
3. check integrity of products
4. ensure all supplies are gathered(and sterilized)
90
Sterilizing non-sterilized items with...
70% alcohol wipes
91
Minibags are available in what mL?
25mL, 50mL, 100mL
92
available sizes of LVPs
500mL, 1000mL, 2000mL, 3000mL
93
What are quick mix bags
bags with two compartments which can mixed together
94
what are underfill bags
1000mL dextrose bags with only 500mL/750mL
95
water for inj
not required to be sterile, but it is pyrogen free
96
Sterile water for inj
has been sterilized and sealed for single use
97
Bacteriostatic water for inj
sterile water with bacteriostatic for inj to prevent microbial growth
98
sodium chloride inj
sterile isotonic solution
99
amount of liquid in syringe should not be less then....
Half the syringe volume
100
why is the interior plunger cone-shaped
To compensate for the meniscus
101
Why are glass syringes used?
For drugs that can "leach" into the plastic
102
How many times can you puncture a rubber stopper?
5 times
103
what is a single vial dose
no preservative
sealed with a rubber topper
104
what is sterile powder for reconstitution
dry powder in a vial that when suspended has a short BUD
105
what is a double chambered vial
powder and diluent in separate chambers which can be mixed within vial
106
what is coring
pieces of rubber stopper
107
Glass IV bottles
for mixing medications that are not compatible in PVC bags
108
What are venting needles
needles inserted to allow air to escape when diluent is added
109
Positive pressure
depressing the plunger of syringe PUSHING the solution through an attached filter
110
Negative pressure
filtration into an vacuum bottle, vacuum PULLS solution through filter
111
Disk filter
filter oout bacteria and microorganisms but not pyrogens
112
filtration removes...
particles, such as those resulting from coring or breaking ampoules
113
filtration is...
one direction only
114
Filter integrity test A
filter on the syringe and syringe is pulled back
115
Filter integrity test A
filter is removed, draw back on syringe, replace filter and push air through
116
Ampoule is...
container intended for single use
117
Polyamps are...
polythylene ampoules (plastic)
118
What is a critical sites
critical site is a direct pathway between a sterile product and the environment
