Midterm

Question 1

How many vertebrae are in the thoracic spine?

Answer 1

12 Vertebrae

Question 2

Function and Location: Body of the vertebra

Answer 2

o The main portion of the vertebra bearing about 80% of the load while standing
o Provides an attachment for the discs between the vertebrae (vertebral discs)
o The anterior section of the vertebral body protects the spinal cord and nerve roots

Question 3

Function and Location: Spinous Process

Answer 3

o In the dorsal spine
o Protects the code from bending.
o Ex: protects the spine when rolling on your back in dance classes

Question 4

Transverse Processes

Answer 4

o Reach laterally and protect the cord from each side.
o Create passageways for the spinal nerves to pass from the cord to the periphery.
o Provide attachment sites for the posterior muscles of the spine.

Question 5

Sternum

Answer 5

o Protects the heart from impact

Question 6

Manubrium

Answer 6

o Ribs 1 and 2 attach here (True Ribs
o Top section of the sternum

Question 7

Body of the Ribs

Answer 7

o Ribs 3-7 attach here (True Ribs)
o Bottom layer of the sternum

Question 8

Xiphoid Process

Answer 8

o No ribs attach to the xiphoid process.
o Serves as a point for muscle attachment.

Question 9

Ribs

Answer 9

o 12 TOTAL vertebrae and ribs
 7 true ribs: attached by costal cartilage to the body of the sternum.
 5 false ribs: attaching to the costal cartilage of the 7th rib.
 2 of the 5 are floating ribs: end in the abdominal wall.
o Because the ribs attach to two vertebrae (one above and one below), they allow for a hinge for the ribs for breathing like a bucket handle.

Question 10

What is the primary breathing muscle?

Answer 10

Diaphragm

Question 11

Diaphragm

Answer 11

o contracts on the inhale, releases on the exhale

Question 12

What are the attachment sites of Diaphragm

Answer 12

 Attaches to the inside of the lower 6 ribs
 Thoracic 12 (T12)
 Lumbar spine by way of the left and right crus
 Intertwines with psoas on lumbar spine
 Connects with upper and lower half body

Question 13

Accessory Muscles for Inhalation

Answer 13

o External Intercostals rib to rib
 Scalenes: cervical vertebrae to 1st 2 ribs
o Sternocleidomastoid - skull to clavicle and sternum
o Pectoralis Major: sternum, clavicle, ribs to humerus

Question 14

Accessory Muscles for Exhalation

Answer 14

o Internal Intercostals - rib to rib
o Abdominals - ribs to pelvis
o Quadratus Lumborum - ribs to pelvis