Midterm

Question 1

Zeus

Answer 1

Areas of Concern: The Sky, Kingship
Attributes: Beard, Eagle, Thunderbolt
Based on the same root as Roman Iu - (in Iupiter Jove) and Sanskirt Dyaush pita (both “sky father)
Associated with Egyptian Amun and Persian Ahura-Mazda

Question 2

Prometheus

Answer 2

Brother of Epimetheus
Areas of Concern: Technology and Man
Attributes: Fire, Eagle, Caring for man
Has a rivalry with Zeus after stealing fire to give to mankind
Deceived Zeus into taking intestines as a sacrifice and giving the meat of the animal to humans

Question 3

Hera

Answer 3

Wife and Sister of Zeus, Only parent of Hephaestus
Areas of Concern: Marriage, Family
Attributes: Crown, Peacock
Rivals with anyone Zeus sleeps with
Associated with Roman Juno and Carthaginian Tanit

Question 4

Apollo

Answer 4

Son of Zeus and Leto
Areas of Concern: Rational, Civilization, Order
Attributes: Reason, Music, Medicine, and Prophecy

Question 5

Athena

Answer 5

Pre-Hellenic Mycenaean goddess, Daughter of Zeus and Metis, Sprang from Zeus’ head after he consumed Metis, Wears Aegis given to her by her father Zeus, Virgin goddess
Attributes: Wisdom, crafts, warfare, Heros
Sanctuary: Athens

Question 6

Ares

Answer 6

Son of Zeus and Hera
All war but often violence that is just or defensive
Spouse: On going affair with Aphrodite

Question 7

Poseidon

Answer 7

Native Greek God, Son of Kronos and Rhea
Freshwater, sea, horses, earthquakes
Attributes: Trident
Spouse: Amphitrite

Question 8

Ishtar

Answer 8

Love, sex, fertility, and war
Staff with snakes and headdress
Akkadian name for summarian Innana
Immortal

Question 9

Enki (Ea)

Answer 9

God of water
Called ea made humans in Atrahasis
Warns Atrahis of Naphishtim

Question 10

Deucalion

Answer 10

Son of Prometheus
Connected to the flood myth
Restarted the human race after the Bronze Age
Zeus was mad a the pride of the people getting too close to the gods

Question 11

Pandora

Answer 11

wife of Epimetheus, the first mortal woman, created by the gods as a punishment for Prometheus after he steals fire from Zeus, she is a gift

Question 12

Heracles

Answer 12

Lion skin, club, strength, spreading culture, associated with Phoenician Melqart

Question 13

Theseus

Answer 13

Son of Aegeus or Poseidon, Husband to Phaedra
First king of Athens and all it’s territory
Slayer of the Minotaur

Question 14

Achilles

Answer 14

Son of Peleus and the sea Nymph Thetis
Invulnerable except for his heel
Chose “unwithering fame” and a short life over a long life in obscurity

Question 15

Diomedes

Answer 15

Hero that participates in the Trojan War
King of Argos
From the Illiad
one of the best warriors of all of the Achaeans
Killed the son of Phainops and Eurydamas

Question 16

Odysseus

Answer 16

Son of Laertes, Husband of Penelope, Father of Telemachus, King of Ithaca, Greek hero who took ten years to return after the end of the Trojan war

Question 17

GIlgamesh

Answer 17

King of Uruk, a city-state in Sumer, he wanted to be immortal and went on a quest to find the key to immortality. Helped build a wall

Question 18

Critical Thinking

Answer 18

Not having the answer before asking the question

Question 19

Thesis

Answer 19

Statement based on facts that a reasonable person can disagree with

Question 20

Observation

Answer 20

Statement about multiple facts that multiple people agree with

Question 21

Humanism

Answer 21

Humans were the same in ancient times therefore understandable

Question 22

Historicism

Answer 22

The ideas that human beings had fundamentally different ideas of how the world worked in the past and their motives cannot always be understood

Question 23

Idealism

Answer 23

The belief that categories exits “out there” independent of language and human beings. Sometimes these categories are referred to as “natural”

Question 24

Textualism

Answer 24

Story subject language
- limited change (variations allowed)
- Because categories and even mythic figures are constructed by language it is better to try to understand categories and mythic figures as subject to limited change over time rather than imperfect copies of an ideal hero or category.

Question 25

Enkidu

Answer 25

Formed from clay and saliva
becomes friends with Gilgamesh
dies

Question 26

Shamat

Answer 26

Sacred Prostitute
- brings Enkidu into contact with civilization
- feminine

Question 27

Humbaba

Answer 27

Guardian of the cedar forest of Labininu, put there by the god Enlil, killed by Gilgamesh and Enkidu for being in the way

Question 28

Utanapishtim

Answer 28

a legendary king of Shuruppak in southern Iraq, who survived the Flood by making a boat

Question 29

Pyrrha

Answer 29

the daughter of Epimetheus and Pandora and wife of Deucalion of whom she had three sons, Hellen, Amphictyon, Orestheus; and three daughters Protogeneia, Pandora II and Thyia

Question 30

Cyclops (Polyphemus)

Answer 30

Son of Poseidon and Thoosa (Cyclops)
- man-eating giant
- the story of Odysseus and the sheep (got giant drunk blinded him and then escaped by tieing themselves to the undersides of sheep)

Question 31

SIlk Road

Answer 31

a network of trade networks that connected regions from Europe across Asia, ideas and languages also traveled back and forth, including stringed instruments

Question 32

Uruk

Answer 32

One of the first cities in Sumer, home of the temples of Innana and Anu, mythical home of Gilgamesh

Question 33

Hissarlik

Answer 33

• Archaeological site of turkey, (claimed to be lost city of troy)
• modern name for ancient troy

Question 34

Argos

Answer 34

• a city located in central Greece and it’s known for the temple of Hera
• continually occupied from the Stone Age to today

Question 35

Homer

Answer 35

• Believed to be the author of the Iliad, the Odyssey, and the Homeric Hymns
• Allegedly born in different places such as Chios or Smyrna
• Most professionals now believe that Homer is a name for a tradition rather than a person

Question 36

Pseudo - Apollodorus

Answer 36

author of Library of greek mythology

Question 37

George Smith

Answer 37

Born in London, 1840, discovered “The Epic of ‘Iz-Du-bar’” while reading cuneiform tablets at the British Museum

Question 38

Berossus

Answer 38

• Active early 3rd C BCE
• Author of The History of Babylonia
• First (only?) author to use sources written in Akkadian for his history