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AMT 112(theory of flight) > midterm > Flashcards

midterm Flashcards

1
Q

is an imaginary line around which an airplane can turn.

A

axis of flight

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2
Q

three axes upon which it can move

A

Left and right,
forwards and backwards,
up and down.

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3
Q

technical names of Left and right,
forwards and backwards,
up and down.

A

lateral axis,
longitudinal axis
and vertical axis.

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4
Q
  • is the response of an aircraft in steady flight on the pilot control input.
A

Controllability

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5
Q
  • can be described as the tendency of an aircraft to return to trimmed position after disturbance in an air stream.
A

Stability

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6
Q
  • can be described as the ability for the aircraft to commence and sustain maneuvers, its responsiveness and its performance rate of roll or turn and pitch rate.
A

Maneuverability

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7
Q

THE FOUR FORCES OF FLIGHT

A

lift
thrust
drag
weight

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8
Q

the forward force produced by the power plant/ propeller or rotor. It opposes or overcomes the force of drag. As a general rule, it acts parallel to the longitudinal axis

A

THRUST

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9
Q

the combined load of the aircraft itself, the crew, the fuel, and the cargo or baggage.

A

WEIGHT

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10
Q

, which is determined by the distribution of weight either by design or by the pilot, can also affect the longitudinal stability of an airplane.

A

center of gravity (CG)

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11
Q

a rearward, retarding force caused by disruption of airflow by the wing, rotor, fuselage, and other protruding objects.

A

DRAG

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12
Q

TYPES OF DRAG

A

PARASITE DRAG
INDUCED DRAG

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13
Q

types of PARASITE DRAG

A

FORM DRAG
INTERFERENCE DRAG
SKIN FRICTION DRAG

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14
Q

a rearward, retarding force caused by disruption of airflow by the wing, rotor, fuselage, and other protruding objects.

A

PARASITE DRAG

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15
Q

generated by the aircraft due to its shape and airflow around it. Examples the engine cowlings, antennas, and the aerodynamic shape of other components

A

FORM DRAG

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16
Q

comes from the intersection of airstreams that creates eddy currents, turbulence, or restricts smooth airflow

A

INTERFERENCE DRAG

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17
Q

is the aerodynamic resistance due to the contact of moving air with the surface of an aircraft. Every surface, no matter how apparently smooth, has a rough, ragged surface when viewed under a microscope.

A

SKIN FRICTION DRAG

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18
Q

is inherent whenever an airfoil is producing lift and, in fact, this type of drag is inseparable from the production of lift. Consequently, it is always present if lift is produced.

A

INDUCED DRAG

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19
Q

is a surface designed to lift, control, and propel an airplane.

A

Airfoil

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20
Q

the length of the chord line is called the ______ of the wing. It varies from the wing root to wing tip

A

Chord

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21
Q

is the straight line joining the leading edge and the trailing edge of the airfoil

A

Chord line

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22
Q

is the maximum distance between the mean camber and the chord line

A

Camber

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23
Q

Is the front part of the airfoil

A

Leading edge

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24
Q

is the back part of the airfoil

A

Trailing edge

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25
Q

PARTS OF AN AIRFOIL

A

Mean camber line
trailing edge
leading edge
chord line

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26
Q

is a force that is produced by the dynamic effect of the air acting on the airfoil, and acts perpendicular to the flight path through the center of lift (CL) and perpendicular to the lateral axis.

A

LIFT

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27
Q

Is the angle formed by the wing chord line and relative wind

A

Angle of attack

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28
Q

states in part that “the internal pressure of a Fluid (liquid, or gas) decreases at points where the speed of the fluid increases.” In other words, high speed flow is associated with low pressure, and low speed flow is associated with high pressure

A

Bernoulli’s Principle

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29
Q

Bernoulli’s Principle is applicable to an airplane wing because it is designed and constructed wing a ______.

A

curve or camber

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30
Q

A body at rest tends to remain at rest, and a body in motion tends to remain moving at the same speed and in the same direction. For example, an airplane at rest on the ramp will remain at rest unless a force is applied which is strong enough to overcome the airplane’s inertia.

A

Newton’s 1st law of motion

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31
Q

for every action there is an equal and opposite reaction

A

Newton’s 3rd Law of motion

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32
Q

What makes the airplane turn?

A

By the use of ailerons and rudder

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33
Q

Since the downward deflected aileron produces more lift as evidenced by the wing raising, it also produces more drag. This added drag causes the wing to slow down slightly. This results in the aircraft yawing toward the wing which had experienced an increase in lift (and drag).

A

ADVERSE YAW

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34
Q

From the pilot’s perspective, the yaw is _______ the direction of the bank.

A

opposite

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35
Q

is a proportion between lift and weight and has a trigonometric relationship.

A

LOAD FACTOR

36
Q

The load factor is measured in

A

G’s (acceleration of gravity),

37
Q

(the left turning tendency of the airplane) is made up of four elements that cause or produce a twisting or rotating motion around at least one of the airplane’s three axes.

A

torque

38
Q

4 elements of torque

A

Size and horsepower of engine

Size of propeller and the rpm

Size of the aircraft

Condition of the ground surface

39
Q

Effect of torque

A

Torque reaction from engine and propeller

Corkscrewing effect of the slipstream

Gyroscopic action of the propeller

Asymmetric loading of the propeller (P-factor)

40
Q

The high-speed rotation of an aircraft propeller gives a corkscrew or spiraling rotation to the slipstream. At high propeller speeds and low forward speed

A

Corkscrew Effect

41
Q

When an aircraft is flying with a high AOA, the “bite” of the downward moving blade is greater than the “bite” of the upward moving blade.

A

P-FACTOR

42
Q

lift formula

A

L = CL x ½ pV2 x S

43
Q

4 BASIC MANEUVERS

A

Straight and Level Flight
Climbing Flights
Descending Flights
Turning Flights

44
Q

all forces acting on the airplane is on a state of equilibrium

A

straight and level flight

45
Q

what happens when a straight and level flight is done correctly

A

When done correctly the airspeed will remain constant, the attitude indicator will read wings level with the ball in the center, the heading indicator will not move, and the vertical speed indicator will indicate no climb/descent.

46
Q

The wing’s lift in a steady state normal climb is the same as it is in a steady level flight at the same airspeed.

A

Climbing Flight

47
Q

what happens in the transition between straight and level to climbing flight

A

During transition from straight-and level flight to a climb, a change in lift occurs when back elevator pressure is first applied.

48
Q

Is a flight in which changes the aircraft’s altitude.

A

climbing flight

49
Q

What are the types of climbing flight

A

Best Angle of Climb

Best Rate of Climb

Cruise Climb

50
Q

Also Known as Vx, it allows an aircraft to gain the most altitude in the shortest distance across the ground.

A

Best Angle of Climb

51
Q

Also Known as Vy, it allows an aircraft to gain the most altitude in the least amount of time. Expressed in Altitude over time.

A

Best Rate of Climb

52
Q

The most fuel-efficient climbing technique. It is the gentler climb, it has a shallow angle of attack, the aircraft is climbing in a faster speed, but will gain the least amount of altitude in a given distance and time.

A

Cruise Climb

53
Q

what happens when you enter a descend

A

Entering the descent, the component of weight acting forward along the flight path increases as the angle of descent increases

54
Q

Is a basic flight maneuver which results in a loss of altitude.

A

descending flight

55
Q

If an aircraft were in a bank, it would be apparent that lift did not act directly opposite to the weight, rather it now acts in the direction of the bank.

A

Turning Flight

56
Q

– acts vertically and opposite to the weight.

A

Vertical Component of Lift

57
Q

– acts horizontally towards the center of the turn or can also be called centripetal force.

A

Horizontal Component of lift

58
Q

is the “equal and opposite reaction” of the aircraft to the change in Direction and acts equal and opposite to the horizontal component of lift.

A

Centrifugal force

59
Q

Is a basic flight to change the direction or heading of an aircraft

A

turning flight

60
Q

Three types of Turn

A

Coordinated Turn

Slipping Turn

Skidding Turn

61
Q

centrifugal force equals horizontal lift

A

normal turn

62
Q

centrifugal force less than horizontal lift

A

slipping turn

63
Q

centrifugal force greater than horizontal lift

A

skidding

64
Q

types of instruments in a C-172 cockpit

A

Pitot-static instruments
gyroscopic instruments

65
Q

pressure-sensitive instruments

A

pitot-static instruments

66
Q

gyroscope incorporated into design of instrument

A

gyroscopic instruments

67
Q

3 pressure-sensitive instruments

A

airspeed indicator
altimeter
vertical speed indicator

68
Q

indicates airspeed

A

airspeed indicator

69
Q

shows aircraft’s height above mean sea level

A

altimeter

70
Q

displays rate of climb or descent

A

vertical speed indicator

71
Q

3 gyroscope incorporated into design of instrument

A

attitude indicator
heading indicator
turn coordinator

72
Q

shows aircraft’s relation to the horizon

A

attitude indicator

73
Q

indicates direction in relation to magnetic north

A

heading indicator

74
Q

shows direction and rate of turns and indicates slip and skid

A

turn coordinator

75
Q

is an instrument measuring the rotation speed of a shaft or disk, as in a motor or other machine.

A

tachometer

76
Q
  • It is basicallya control unit, which controls the amount of fuel or the fuel-air mixture that can enter the engine.
A

Throttle

77
Q

-Sets the amount of fuel added to the intake airflow.

A

Mixture control

78
Q

isa system used in automobile and piston-powered light aircraft engines to prevent or clear carburetor icing.

A

Carb Heat - Carburetor heat (usually abbreviated to ‘carb heat’)

79
Q
  • to intercept and block the fuel before it reaches the burner, thus avoiding the boiling temperature of the circuit entering the system from being reached
A

Fuel Shutoff Valve

80
Q
  • function is to tell the pilot that theoil pressure ant temperatureis within operating limits, ensuring the engine is getting the lubrication it needs.
A

Oil Temp and Pressure Gauge

81
Q
  • This system displays the amount of fuel in each tank, as well as the total amount of fuel on board
A

Fuel Indicator

82
Q
  • monitor the vacuum developed in the system that actuates the air driven gyroscopic flight instruments
A

Suction Gauge

83
Q
  • measures electric current flowing through a wire or circuit
A

Ammeter

84
Q
  • is a meter used tomonitor the exhaust gas temperature of an internal combustion engine
A

EGT

85
Q
  • indicates an engine’s fuel use in real time
A

Fuel Flow Indicator

AMT 112(theory of flight) (6 decks)

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