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Native American History > Midterm > Flashcards

Midterm Flashcards

1
Q

Invention of the printing press (Started the Renaissance/Enlightenment that would allow for the Old World to move from a prescientific late-feudalist society to an industrialised one

A

1450

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2
Q

Old World meets the New World

A

1492

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3
Q

Spain makes contact with the Southwestern pueblo groups
-Settler colonialism; logic of extraction; catholic church urges Spanish to colonise under the guise of conversion; intermarriage

A

1505

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4
Q

Pilgrims, or Separatists, seeking religious freedom arrived in New England aboard the Mayflower

A

1620

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5
Q

Pueblo revolt (Pueblo groups in secret get together and revolt and overthrow the Spanish entirely wiping out one village that was completely under Spanish occupation)

A

1680

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6
Q

French-Indian War (precursor to the American Revolutionary War)
George Washington first military experience
France loses and cedes territory to the British

A

1754 -1763

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7
Q

‘Indian Reserve’ plot of land ceded to the British and then set aside for Native Americans

A

1763

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8
Q

Boston Tea Party (Perceptions of Native Americans symbols of freedom as European Americans rebelling against tea taxes dress up Native)

A

1773

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9
Q

Revolutionary War (affected Native Americans by opening up western settlement and creating governments hostile to their territorial claims.) Was one of the biggest defeats of Native Americans. Native Americans become seen as enemies of america

A

1775 – 1783

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10
Q

Northwest Ordinance (allowed for the seizure of Iroquois territory)

A

1787

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11
Q

First missionaries push into California

A

1790

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12
Q

Race becomes part of the equation and Natives are increasingly seen as uncivilised and less human

A

Late 18th century early 19th century

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13
Q

Industrialisation brought in the new idea of “progress”. Native Americans are now seen as a hindrance to progress as well as racially inferior. Manifest Destiny is also at play

A

Throughout the 18th century

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14
Q

The United States and Indigenous allies fight against the British and its indigenous allies. Starts the military career of Andrew Jackson. Andrew Jackson starts the Seminole Wars

A

War of 1812

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15
Q

Seminole Wars (Wars between the United States and Seminole in modern day Florida)

A

1816 – 1858

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16
Q

Indian Removal Act

A

1830

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17
Q

Trail of Tears (the U.S government forcibly removes the “5 civilised tribes” from the south and migrates them to present day Oklahoma. This is why Oklahoma is so densely populated with Natives today. Trails of Tears was motivated by race showing changing attitudes. Politicians who intermarried with Natives opposed Trail of Tears

A

1831 – 1850

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18
Q

California Gold Rush (Greedy white people come to where Native Americans had formerly resided in peace to get gold. Brings diseases. European Americans paid to kill off Native Americans)

A

1848 – 1859

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19
Q

Treaty of Fort Laramie – Treaty between United States and representatives of Native American tribes agreeing that the land covered in the treaty belonged to Native Americans. The Native Americans guaranteed safe passage for settlers on the Oregon Trail and allowed roads and forts to be built in their territories, in exchange for promises of an annuity in the amount of fifty thousand dollars for fifty years.

A

1851

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20
Q

Mountain Meadows Massacre (Church of the Latter Day Saints disguise themselves as Paiute and kill wealthy families on the way to California passing into Comancheria

A

1857

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21
Q

“Charles Darwin’s The Origin of Species, published a decade after the Gold Rush, gave scientific racism a new intellectual authority. Subtitled Or The Preservation of Favoured Races in the Struggle for Life, it seemed to offer a purely biological explanation for the global ‘success’ of northern Europeans at the expense of other peoples.” (from Wilson)

A

1859

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22
Q

The Long Walk of the Navajo who are forcibly removed from modern day Arizona to New Mexico. Basically a second Trail of Tears. Homestead Act is also signed in this year which offers 160 acres to anyone who was willing to farm on it and lots of people migrate to America for their acres. Much of this cuts into Native American territory

A

1863

23
Q

Sioux Treaty (Or Treaty of Fort Laramie Part Two) The U.S. recognizes the Black Hills as part of the Great Sioux Reservation set aside for only the Sioux

A

1868

24
Q

Battle of Little Bighorn (known to the Lakota and other Plains Indians as the Battle of the Greasy Grass) Victory for Native Americans as they beat white settlers. Started the Great Sioux War

A

1876

25
Q

No more effective Native American resistance

A

1880

26
Q

First Buffalo Bill Wild West Show

A

1883

27
Q

Dawes Act (ruled it unconstitutional and unamerican for Native Americans to collectively own land subsequently divides Native Land up and gives it to individual natives however the resulting allotment was smaller than the land that Natives previously collectively owned.

A

1890

28
Q

Indian Appropriation Act – Opened up the land leftover from the Dawes Act to more European Americans under the Homestead Act

A

1889

29
Q

Curtis Act - helped weaken and dissolve Indian Territory tribal governments by abolishing tribal courts and subjecting all persons in the territory to federal law.

A

1898

30
Q

Massacre at Wounded Knee – Native Americans killed for doing the Ghost Dance at Pine Ridge Reservation. It was quite unpopular showing American attitudes be more permissive to Native Americans religious freedom.

A

1890

31
Q

At this point in history now that Native Americans have effectively lost the general perception of Native Americans becomes that of the “vanishing Indian”. There’s this idea that they will die out or would be assimilated into society “kill the Indian save the man”. Buffalo Bill’s shows show how in popular culture at the time they were starting to be imaged as part of America’s origin story. Still today there is this expectation that Native Americans are frozen in the past and should perform cultural traditions as they were done 150 years ago.

A

After 1890

32
Q

Oklahoma becomes considered part of the U.S. Leads to Oklahoma Land Rush mass migration of white people into Oklahoma.

A

1907

33
Q

Ishi (“The Last Wild Indian”) comes out of hiding. He works with anthropologists to “preserve Native culture” showing a contradiction in which America is trying to preserve or understand Native American cultures even made conscientious efforts to wipe them out.

A

1911

34
Q

Native Americans form the NAC (Native American Church) which blends Christianity with traditional Native spirituality. They could then get around laws that prohibited religious expression

A

1918

35
Q

Indian Citizenship Act. Native Americans generally become considered American citizens under the law. (There were some Natives who were considered citizens before but now all were)

A

1924/1925

36
Q

Stock Market Crash

A

1929

37
Q

FDRs New Deal

A

1933 – 1939

38
Q

Indian New Deal had varying success with different tribes but tried to stop the termination and allocation of land. Gave land back to reservations. Let Native Americans have their own governments, but these governments had to mirror United States

A

1934

39
Q

U.S. joins WWII. Native Americans are code talkers

A

1941

40
Q

Baby boom – homogenous white picket fence America

A

1950

41
Q

Korean War, Vietnam War Native Americans are conscripted. Very unpopular war rise of countercultures that use Native Americans as the symbol of their counterculture ness

A

1960

42
Q

American Indian Movement (AIM) is formed analogous to the Black Panthers. Did demonstrations to get on news

A

1968

43
Q

Alaska Native Claims Settlement Act. The settlement established Alaska Native claims to the land by transferring titles to twelve Alaska Native regional corporations and over 200 local village corporations.[1] A thirteenth regional corporation was later created for Alaska Natives who no longer resided in Alaska

A

1971

44
Q

Indian Education Act – Put Native Americans in charge of the educational material in their territories

A

1972

45
Q

AIM lays siege on the village where Wounded Knee happened. The U.S. government shuts off power, electricity and kills some AIM members. Doesn’t allow the media to cover it. This event led to the dissolution of AIM

A

1973

46
Q

Boldt Decision. The case re-affirmed the rights of American Indian tribes in the state of Washington to co-manage and continue to harvest salmon and other fish under the terms of various treaties with the U.S. government. The tribes ceded their land to the United States but reserved the right to fish as they always had. This included their traditional locations off the designated reservations.

A

1974

47
Q

Indian Child Welfare Act – Made it so that Native American children, if removed from their family could only be given to another Native American family

A

1978

48
Q

It is ruled in the Supreme Court that the Black Hills belong to Native Americans who are offered a settlement that they reject. The U.S. government still occupies it today

A

1980

49
Q

Termination policy - Policies aimed at assimilating Native Americans into mainstream society

A

1940s - 1960s

50
Q

NAGPRA - Native American Graves Protection and Repatriation Act - Bones on Native Americans were sold and demanded

A

1990

51
Q

ANCSA

A

1972

52
Q

IACA - Indian Arts And Crafts Act

A

1990

53
Q

NALA - Native American Language Act

A

1972

54
Q

AIRFA

A

1978

Native American History (1 decks)

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