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Vine Bio 101 > Midterm > Flashcards

Midterm Flashcards

1
Q

lateral bud

A

A bud along the dorsal side of the stem, gives rise to new branches. Axillary to main leaves. Disappears at end of season.

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2
Q

winter bud

A

A bud along the ventral side of the stem, formed later than lateral buds, remain dormant until the next spring, then gives rise to next years crop.

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3
Q

What is Ampelography?

A

Identification and descriptions of grape varieties by studying the leaves, stems and roots. (i.e. Hair Density of the shoot tips, colour of the young leaves ect.)

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4
Q

Purpose of the Roots in the Grapevine?

A

Uptake water and nutrients

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5
Q

Leaves

A

Conduct photosynthesis and indicates vine health

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6
Q

Dormancy

A

Vine rests, requires temperatures below 50 degrees F to stay dormant

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7
Q

Budburst

A

Buds swell and open, requires temperatures above 50 degrees F

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8
Q

Flowering & Fruit Set

A

Impacted by warmth, sunlight, nutrients, adverse conditions can lead to coulure and millerandage

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9
Q

Ripening

A

Grapes accumulate sugar, tannin, color, aromas, and flavors develop

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10
Q

Phylloxera

A

Aphid-like insect that attacks vine roots, reduces yields and quality, all vines are grafted onto resistant rootstock

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11
Q

Exocarp

A

skin of fruit
outer layer of the pericarp

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12
Q

riparia

A

v phyllox resistant, humidity tolerant, weak not good for poor soils

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13
Q

rupestris

A

very vigorous, not best for quality, good in v weak soils

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14
Q

Chloroplast

A

An organelle found in plant and algae cells where photosynthesis occurs

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15
Q

What is needed for photosynthesis?

A

water + light + carbon dioxide

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16
Q

Stomata

A

Small openings on the underside of a leaf through which oxygen and carbon dioxide can move

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17
Q

Stroma

A

fluid portion of the chloroplast; outside of the thylakoids

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18
Q

Why is seed ripeness important?

A

Seeds have tannins that contribute to red wine

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19
Q

Grape Skin

A

-contains colour, tannins, phenolics and flavour components
-comprised of the hypodermis and episdermis covered in a thick epicuticle wax

20
Q

Flesh/Pulp

A

-contains sugar, organic acids, flavour compounds

21
Q

Phenology

A

annual vegetative and reproductive cycles for grapevines

22
Q

what is the goal of training systems?

A

to optimize yield and fruit quality and ripeness

23
Q

Shoot Tissues

A

pre-formed in the bud, lays dormant in winter

24
Q

Where do lateral roots form?

A

in the pericycle in the vascular tissue of the rootstock

25
Q

Is root growth predetermined?

A

root growth is NOT predetermined in the way the buds/shoots are formed

26
Q

Rootstocks

A

-pest resistance and resistance to soil and climatic conditions

27
Q

Establishment of roots early in the grapevine life is important to __________?

A

Establishment of roots early in grapecine life is important for the HEALTH of the vine.

28
Q

Domain of Grapevine

A

Eukaryota

29
Q

Kingdom

A

Plantae

30
Q

Phylum

A

Angiospermae

31
Q

Class

A

Dicotyledonae

32
Q

Order

A

Rhamnales

33
Q

Family

A

Viticeae

34
Q

Genus

A

Muscadina vs. Vitis

35
Q

How Many Species?

A

60~70

36
Q

Viticeae (Family)

A

-simple leaves that alternate
-soft/pulpy berry fruits
-fuse flower petals that release at the base
-unisex flowers
-simple or forked tendrils opposite leaves

37
Q

All Cells Contain:

A

-Cell Wall
-Nucleus
-Vacuole
-Cytoplasm

Other Imortant Organelles:
-Chloroplasts
-Mitochondria
-Golgi Apparatus
-Endoplasmic Reticulum
-Ribosomes
-Peroxisomes

38
Q

Cell Wall

A

-cellulose cell wall enclosing a plasma membrane
-rigid
-composed of calcium pectate
-provides structure, shape, some protection for plant cells

39
Q

Parenchyma

A

Unspecialized living cells with thin walls

40
Q

Collenchyma

A

living support cells with thick cell walls with lots of cellulose

41
Q

Schlerenchyma

A

mature to dead support cells with secondary cell wall containing lignin

42
Q

Main Photosynthetic Organ

A

Leaf

43
Q

What happens to leaf under low light conditions?

A

-leaves become thinner, larger and petioles may be become longer to maximize light interception

44
Q

What happens to leaves under high light conditions?

A

-choloroplasts will migrate to the centre of the leaf structure
-leaf looks dusty/grey
-decreased photosynthesis

45
Q

Upper Upidermis (UE)

A

-very tight layer of cells, oriented horizontally, parallel to the leaf surface
-protective covering over the leaf

46
Q

Cuticle

A

Waxy layer, secreted from the epidermal cells

47
Q
A

Vine Bio 101 (1 decks)

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