Midterm

Question 1

Renaissance

Answer 1

Period of rebirth of art and learning in Europe lasting from about 1300 to 1600

Question 2

Humanism

Answer 2

Focus on human potential and achievements

Question 3

Secular

Answer 3

Concerned with worldly rather than spiritual matters

Question 4

Vernacular

Answer 4

Use of native language instead of classical Latin

Question 5

Johann Gutenberg

Answer 5

German craftsman who developed the printing press

Question 6

Indulgence

Answer 6

Release from punishments due for a sin

Question 7

Reformation

Answer 7

16th century movement for religious reform, leading to the founding of new Christian churches

Question 8

Protestant

Answer 8

Member of a Christian church founded on the principles of the Reformation

Question 9

Catholic Reformation

Answer 9

16th century movement in which the Roman Catholic Church sought to make changes in response to the Protestant Reformation

Question 10

Jesuits

Answer 10

Members of the Society of Jesus, a Roman Catholic order founded by Ignatius Loyola

Question 11

Council of Trent

Answer 11

A meeting of Roman Catholic leaders to rule on doctrines criticized by the Protestant reformers

Question 12

Ghazis

Answer 12

Warriors for Islam

Question 13

Osman

Answer 13

Successful ghazi who built a small state in Anatolia

Question 14

Sultans

Answer 14

Rulers of Muslim states

Question 15

Mehmed II

Answer 15

Conqueror who made Istanbul his capital

Question 16

Suleyman the Lawgiver

Answer 16

Ruler who brought Ottoman Empire to its height

Question 17

Devshirme

Answer 17

Policy for creating the sultan’s army

Question 18

Jamissary

Answer 18

Soldier slave drawn from conquered Christian Territories

Question 19

Safavid

Answer 19

Member of a Shi’a Muslim dynasty that built an empire in Persia

Question 20

Shah

Answer 20

Persian title meaning king

Question 21

Mughal

Answer 21

One of the nomads who invaded the Indian subcontinent in the 16th century and established a powerful empire there

Question 22

Dutch East India Company

Answer 22

Dutch company that established and directed trade throughout Asia

Question 23

Tokugawa Shogunate

Answer 23

Dynasty that ruled Japan from 1603 to 1868

Question 24

Christopher Columbus

Answer 24

Italian navigator who landed in the Americas

Question 25

Colony

Answer 25

Land controlled by another nation

Question 26

Hernando Cortés

Answer 26

Conquistador who defeated the Aztec

Question 27

Conquistadors

Answer 27

Spanish explorers in the Americas

Question 28

Francisco Pizarro

Answer 28

Conquistador who defeated the Inca

Question 29

Mestizo

Answer 29

Person of mixed Spanish and Native American blood

Question 30

Encomienda

Answer 30

System of mining and farming using natives as slave labor

Question 31

Atlantic Slave Trade

Answer 31

Buying and selling of Africans for work in the Americas

Question 32

Triangular Trade

Answer 32

European trade between the Americas, Africa, and Europe involving slaves and other goods

Question 33

Middle Passage

Answer 33

Voyage that brought captured Africans to the West Indies and the Americas

Question 34

Columbian Exchange

Answer 34

Global trade of food, plants, and animals during the colonization of Americas

Question 35

Mercantilism

Answer 35

Economic policy for increasing wealth and power by obtaining large amounts of gold and silver and selling more goods that are bought

Question 36

Absolute Monarch

Answer 36

King or queen with complete control

Question 37

Divine Right

Answer 37

Idea that a ruler receives the right to rule from God

Question 38

Louis XIV

Answer 38

French king who was an absolute monarch

Question 39

Scientific Revolution

Answer 39

New way of thinking about the natural world based on careful observation and a willingness to question

Question 40

Heliocentric Theory

Answer 40

Theory that the sun is at the center of the universe

Question 41

Geocentric Theory

Answer 41

View which held that the earth was the center of the universe

Question 42

Galileo Galilei

Answer 42

Scientist who was forced by the Catholic Church to take back scientific ideas that disagreed with the church's view

Question 43

Scientific Method

Answer 43

Logical procedure for gathering and testing ideas