Midterm Flashcards
(15 cards)
Ancien regime
Previous social structure of France before 1789 Revolution. 1st Estate is clergy, 2nd is warriors/nobility, 3rd is everyone else. This social structure is rigid and near impossible to move up in. 3rd estate is the only estate that pays taxes.
Louis XVI
The last king of the Ancien regime. Takes the title of King of French in response to nationalism and the want for public service. Behdeaded in January 21st, 1793.
Philosophes
18th century Enlightenment thinkers. They questioned if natural laws applied to humans with a focus on logic and reasoning. Began to question the divine right of kings.
Estates General
Called in only after Assembly of Notables fails. Called in 1789 for the first time since 1614. Each estate chooses a delegate, but the more progressive 3rd estate will get outvoted every time.
Cahiers de doleances
A list of complaints
July 14th, 1789
Military posted out outside of Versailles cause fear of morally dubious issues in the government. Parisians storm Invalids and the Bastille for guns and ammunition. The 7 prisoners of the Bastille are freed and a symbol of royal oppression is toppled.
Napoleon Bonaparte
jacobin supporter and child of the Revolution turned Emperor of France. Heavy emphasis on war conquests, rebuilding Paris, establishing a meritocracy, and forming the Civil Code of 1804. Puts family on thrones of conquered lands. Viewed as a savior from anarchy. Defeated by the 6th Coalition leading to the Restoration.
Nationalism
Began in French Revolution, inspiring people to the idea of France and the formation of a national identity via common language history, culture, territory, etc. History and education are used to indoctrinate and inspire.
Congress of Vienna
Series of diplomatic meetings to rebuild the European political system after the downfall of Napoleon I.
June Days of 1848
Far left uprising mostly in the cities as that is the place werev most workers were most radical. They want a republic that respects workers but a Republic is still assovaited with the Terror. Brutally crushed and many leaders deported. French radical left party reduced for some time after.
Louis Napoleon Bonaparte III
Nephew of Napoleon I. Elected President-prince but eventually crowned himself Emperor. Thoroughly loved by the people especially in the countryside, though sides against socialists (urban poor). Lots of modernization, railways, etc. Eventually captured by the German military in 1871.
Civilizing mission
Based on the assumption that Europeans were better, smarter, and had a debt to aid the inferior races in becoming civilized. Influenced by nationalism and social Darwinism to gain influence and control.
Zouaves
Native Algerians recruited into the French Army, usually sharpshooters. Played a major role in WW1 on the Western Front and had elite status within the French Army of Africa.
Orientalism
The fetishization of exotic or foreign women was sparked by France’s growing imperialism. Obsession with the oriental woman and their role to preserve or destroy cultural norms.
The Paris Commune
Radical Parisian workers want to fight against Germans (nationalism) and reject the non-socialist government. Republic with pensions, employee rights, and church/state separation. Brutally put down by the German-French alliance.
