Midterm

Question 1

What is the process of determining the priority of need and the proper order of treatment in critically ill or injured animals?

Answer 1

Triage

Question 2

In-Hospital triage consists of 4 classifications: what are they?

Answer 2

Catastrophic
Critical
Urgent
Less serious

Question 3

Normal mentation means?

Answer 3

Alert and interactive

Question 4

Dull/depressed mentation means?

Answer 4

Interactive but not bright and eager

Question 5

Obtunded mentation means?

Answer 5

Reacts to stimuli but at a much slower pace.

Question 6

Stuporous mentation means?

Answer 6

Disconnected, reacts only to noxious stimuli (needle poke)

Question 7

Comatose mentation means?

Answer 7

Fails to react to any stimuli

Question 8

TBI means?

Answer 8

Traumatic Brain Injury

Question 9

TBI signs are?
(5)

Answer 9

Abrupt changes in mentation
Changes in pupil size, symmetry and response.
Altered gait or posture
Evidence of head trauma
Low heart rate

Question 10

What PE findings may be strongly indicative that a traumatic brain injury has occurred?

Answer 10

Low heart rate

Question 11

A “Snappy” pulse indicates?

Answer 11

Animal may be anemic.

Question 12

Peripheral pulses are not palpable when the mean arterial pressure is less than?

Answer 12

60mm Hg

Question 13

Tachypnea may indicate decreased blood oxygen, thoracic trauma, shock or metabolic alkalosis. T or F?

Answer 13

True

Question 14

A restrictive breathing pattern is?

Answer 14

Fast and shallow often indicating broken ribs or pleural effusion.

Question 15

If MM are blue, purple or dusky it means?

Answer 15

Immediately start to supplement oxygen.

Question 16

If MM are brick red, brown or mottled pink/purple/red it may indicate?

Answer 16

Carbon monoxide, heat stroke, or sepsis.

Question 17

If MM are yellow it means?

Answer 17

High bilirubin

Question 18

If MM are white it means?

Answer 18

Vasoconstriction (shock) or chronic anemia.

Question 19

Borborygmi detected during thoracic auscultation may indicate a diaphragmatic hernia. T or F?

Answer 19

True

Question 20

Shock can be defined as?

Answer 20

Impaired oxygen delivery to the tissues.

Question 21

What are clinical signs of shock?
(5)

Answer 21

Dull mentation
Tachycardia
Weak pulses
Pale mucous membranes
Tachypnea.

Question 22

Early or Compensated shock can be depressed or anxious, tachycardia, tachypnea, pulse quality variable, Hyperglycemic. T or F?

Answer 22

True

Question 23

Untreated or decomposed shock is hypoglycemia altered mental status, pale mucous membranes, weak pulse, severe tachycardia. T or F?

Answer 23

True

Question 24

Forms of shock are?
(5)

Answer 24

Hypovolemic
Distributive
Obstructive
Cardiogenic
Septic

Question 25

What is the most common form of shock?

Answer 25

Hypovolemic

Question 26

Aggressive fluid therapy is contraindicated in what type of shock?

Answer 26

Cardiogenic

Question 27

SIRS stands for?

Answer 27

Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome

Question 28

Following resuscitation from shock reperfusion may initiate?

Answer 28

Production of oxygen-free radicals during a widespread inflammatory response.

Question 29

What are the most commonly used crystalloids?

Answer 29

Isotonic Solutions

Question 30

-25% left within vascular space after 1 hour, remainder move to ISF, you need to give ___ml(s) to get __ ml(s) increase in IVF.

Answer 30

4, 1

Question 31

The shock dose of crystalloids for dogs is?

Answer 31

90ml/kg/hr

Question 32

Shock does for crystalloids in cats is?

Answer 32

45-60ml/kg/hr

Question 33

Coagulopathy and dehydration are 2 common indications for blood transfusion. T or F?

Answer 33

False (Coagulopathy yes, dehydration no)

Question 34

Chronic anemia with a PCV of less than 12-15% with physical exam abnormalities may indicate the need for a blood transfusion. T or F?

Answer 34

True

Question 35

Characteristics of an ideal feline blood donor include? (3)

Answer 35

Current on vaccinations, Screened for transmissible diseases, at least 10lbs.

Question 36

How many separate blood types are there for dogs?

Answer 36

8

Question 37

Most cats have what blood type?

Answer 37

A

Question 38

The standard blood collection from a donor dog or cat is?

Answer 38

15mls/kg

Question 39

A vagus mediated arrest can occur in patients experiencing?

Answer 39

Severe vomiting

Question 40

Endotracheal intubation and ventilation with an ambu bag with room air provided?

Answer 40

21% oxygen

Question 41

When bagging a patient with oxygen during CPCR, you should provide a longer time for inspiration than expiration (approx 4:1). T or F?

Answer 41

False

Question 42

Thoracic pump chest compressions should be used on animals that weigh over 7kg. T or F?

Answer 42

True

Question 43

The presence of ECG complexes with no cardiac contractions to generate a pulse is termed?

Answer 43

Pulseless electrical activity

Question 44

What is indicated in the treatment of ventricular fibrillation?

Answer 44

Electrical Defibrillation.

Question 45

The recommended setting for electrical defibrillation is?

Answer 45

2-4 Joules/kg

Question 46

Serial Neurologic should be done hourly on post arrest patients. This can be achieved by?

Answer 46

Pupillary light response testing.

Question 47

Acute renal failure is common in the post-arrest patient. What is the best way to monitor renal function?

Answer 47

Placement of a urinary catheter to quantify urine output.

Question 48

When monitoring patients on fluids urine output is an important consideration. The normal urine production for a healthy animal?

Answer 48

1-2ml/kg/hr

Question 49

Which breed of dog is very prone to urinate stones?

Answer 49

Dalmations

Question 50

In general, the urine specific gravity for a healthy hydrated dog should be approx?

Answer 50

1.030

Question 51

The glomeruli of both kidneys must be nonfunctional to what degree before the serum chemistry changes?

Answer 51

- 70

Question 52

What term refers to sugar in the urine?

Answer 52

Glycosuria

Question 53

A polydipsic cat demonstrates?

Answer 53

Increased drinking.

Question 54

What is not a risk factor for gastric dilation - volvulus?

Answer 54

Rapid ingestion of food, exercise after feeding, fat added to the food.

Question 55

What is not a classic clinical sign of gastric dilation - volvulus?

Answer 55

Increased appetite

Question 56

What emergency condition commonly presents “comma” or “tear drop” shaped intraluminal gas bubbles on abdominal radiographs?

Answer 56

Linear foreign body

Question 57

“Wind up” pain is?

Answer 57

A perceived increase in pain intensity over time due to repeated pain stimulus.

Question 58

Most cases of epilepsy are most commonly first diagnosed in dogs between what age?

Answer 58

6 months and 5 years

Question 59

Indications for blood and plasma transfusion is? (4)

Answer 59

Trauma Surgical bleeding Coagulopathy Intracavitary bleeding

Question 60

What % of acts are blood type A?

Answer 60

90%

Question 61

What is the uncommon blood type in cats?

Answer 61

B (purebreds)

Question 62

What is the rare blood type in cats?

Answer 62

AB (universal recipient)

Question 63

1ml/lb (2ml/kg) = increase of HCT by 1%, give in <4hr to decrease bacterial contamination. T or F?

Answer 63

True

Question 64

Adverse transfusion reactions are?

Answer 64

Immunologic

Question 65

Signs of adverse transfusion reactions are? (10)

Answer 65

Restless - Incontinence Muscle tremors - Convulsions Nausea - Facial Edema Fever - Urticaria/itchiness Tachypnea - Tachycardia

Question 66

TACO means?

Answer 66

Transfusion associated circulatory overload.

Question 67

Dyspnea means?

Answer 67

Abnormal breathing effort

Question 68

Tachypnea means?

Answer 68

Increased resp rate

Question 69

Bradypnea means?

Answer 69

Decreased resp rate

Question 70

Orthopnea means?

Answer 70

Difficulty breathing except in upright position

Question 71

Hyperpnea means?

Answer 71

Abnormal increase in depth and rate of resp

Question 72

Apnea means?

Answer 72

Stop breathing

Question 73

What is used to remove excess fluid in pulmonary edema?

Answer 73

Furosemide

Question 74

What is the term for harsh, high pitched respiratory sound?

Answer 74

Stridor

Question 75

Oxygen care is excellent for?

Answer 75

Fractious cats

Question 76

NAVEL means?

Answer 76

Naloxone, Atropine, Vasopressin, Epinephrine, Lidocaine

Question 77

Hyperventilating the animal can lead to constriction of the cerebral blood vessels and decreased perfusion of the brain which will cause more neurologic damage. T or F?

Answer 77

True

Question 78

You cant feel the heart is mean pressure is?

Answer 78

40mm Hg

Question 79

Pupil size and responsiveness to light are indicators of?

Answer 79

Prognosis

Question 80

Hepatopathy means?

Answer 80

Decreased Albumin production

Question 81

What is a high pH caused by excessive loss of hydrogen ions?

Answer 81

Metabolic Alkalosis

Question 82

Types of Uroliths are? (3)

Answer 82

Calcium oxalate Struvite Urate

Question 83

What is the most common type of stone in cats?

Answer 83

Calcium oxalate

Question 84

Acute renal failure signs? (8)

Answer 84

Lethargic Vomiting Collapse Abdominal pain Renomegaly No urine production Tachycardia Oral ulcers

Question 85

What are clinical signs of diabetes mellitus? (4)

Answer 85

PU/PD Polyphagia Weight loss Cataracts (in dogs)

Question 86

Increase blood glucose results in?

Answer 86

Glycosuria

Question 87

Paresis means?

Answer 87

A loss of ability to support weight or inability to generate a gait.

Question 88

Paralysis means?

Answer 88

The complete loss of voluntary movement.

Question 89

Tetraparesis/plegia is?

Answer 89

All 4 limbs affected

Question 90

Paraparesis/plegia is?

Answer 90

Pelvic limbs affected

Question 91

Hemiparesis/plegia is?

Answer 91

Limbs on one side affected