Midterm Flashcards
(30 cards)
Rustication
Stone cut in such a way that the joints are sunk in some sort of cannel, the faces of the stones projecting beyond them
Plan
Horizontal section, drawn to scale, through a building showing the arrangement of rooms, etc.
Elevation
Accurate geometrical projection, drawn to scale, of a building’s facade or any other visible external or internal part on a plane vertical (at a right angle) to the horizontal
Column
Detached, slender vertical structural element. In classical orders, a column consists of a base, shaft, and capital
Pediment
Low-pitched triangular gable following the roof-slopes over a portico or facade in Classical architecture
Cornice
Crowning projecting moulded horizontal top of a building or part of a building. In classical architecture, it is the uppermost division of a classical entablature
Arch
Construction made of truncated wedge-shaped blocks that by mutual pressure stay in place, set out in a curved form to span an opening and carry a superimposed load
Pilaster
Square or rectangular pier formed by the thickening of the end of a wall. Purely for aesthetic purposes and often have all elements of a classical order column
Vaulting
An elongated arch covering a space, or a structure composed of various curved elements in various combinations. Primarily a ceiling over a space but it may also be a roof
Storey
Volume between the floors of a building or between its floors and roof.
Bays
Regular structural subdivision of a building defined by the buttresses, piers, and vaults with windows inserted into the curtain-wall of each bay
Gothic
- Also called pointed
- Evolved late 12th century to 16th century in Europe
- Pointed arch, pointed rib vaults, piers with clusters of shafts, deep buttresses, window tracery, pinnacles, spires, battlements, and a soaring verticality
Classical
- Derived from Greek and Roman precedents resemblant of authoritative excellence
- Columns, rounded arches, pediments, porticos
Modern
- 20th century movement cutting all architectural links with the past
- Function, honest expression of structure and materials
- Steel, glass, and reinforced concrete with little ornamentation
Postmodern
- Styles in reaction to Modernism and associated with a loss of faith in ‘progress, ‘rationality’ and ‘scientific approaches’
- Often draws on elements that are not themselves archaeologically or historically accurate but make vague references to once-familiar motifs like classical orders
Transom
Horizontal element framed across a window, generally used during the Gothic period and commonly found in the grid-tracery of Elizabethan and Jacobean houses, dividing the window-aperture into lights framed by bars forming the mullions and transoms
Voussoir
Blocks normally in the shape of a wedge, forming part of a structure of an arch or vault, its sides coinciding with the radii of the arch
Keystone
Wedge-shaped key-block at the crown of an arch to consolidate it
Brutalism
- Mid 20th century style
- Exposed rough concrete finishes, chunky/blocky forms
Gable
Wall of a building closing the end of a pitched roof
Portico
Covered ambulatory consisting of a series of columns places at regular intervals supporting a roof, normally attached as a colonnaded porch to a building, but sometimes forming a separate structure
Parapet
Low-wall or barrier at the edge of a balcony, roof, terrace, or anywhere there is a drop, and therefore danger of persons falling
Venetian Door and Window (serliana)
Triparte window or door consisting of a central opening with a semi-circular arch over it springing from two entablatures each supported by two columns or pilasters flanking narrower flat-topped openings on either side
Balustrade
Row of balusters supporting a hand-rail of a stair or forming a type of parapet
