Midterm Flashcards
1
Q
A latin word of personality that means masks for actors
A
Personality
2
Q
Individual differences in characteristics patterns of thinking, feeling, and behaving
A
Personality
3
Q
Reaffirming self values allows for more latitude in dealing with problems and situation
A
Self-affirmation
4
Q
Focused on uncovering general principles of personality using correlation and experiment. Conducted in academic setting
A
Academic psychology
5
Q
Precursor/proponent of academic psychology
A
Wilhelm Wundt
6
Q
Research on individuals by the way methods such as case study. Conducted in the Therapeutic or clinical environment
A
Clinical practice
7
Q
Making assumptions
A
Philosophy
8
Q
Formulating hypothesis
A
Science
9
Q
Quality of measuring what a construct is suppose to measure
A
Validity
10
Q
Consistency of scores over time
A
Reliability
11
Q
Avoidance of subject bias
A
Objectivity
12
Q
Measure personality characteristics by means of questionnaires developed with statistics ang theoretical techniques
A
Psychometric test
13
Q
Pretention of ambiguous stimulus and expectation of expression of personal attitudes, feelings, etc.
A
Projective
14
Q
Helping individual to change, improve and grow for the betterment of the quality of life
A
Ethical
15
Q
Wondering troublesome symptoms and substituting more suitable behavior
A
Curative
16
Q
Famous for sex and aggression, theory spread beyond Viennese origins. Freud’s command of the language.
A
Psychoanalysis
17
Q
He relied more in deductive reasoning than on research. Did not qualify his data
A
Sigmund Freud
18
Q
Contains drives, instincts, urges that are beyond our awareness but nonetheless motivate our thoughts, words, feelings and actions. Although one may be aware of overt behaviors, we may not always be aware of the mental processes behind them.
A
Unconscious
19
Q
Creates anxiety which stimulates
A
Suppression
20
Q
what a person perceives is conscious for only a transitory period; become preconscious when a person shifts to another Idea
A
Conscious perception
21
Q
when they slip past the censor; appear in a disguised form
A
Unconscious
22
Q
Relatively minor role in Freud’s theory. Mental elements in awareness at any given point
A
Conscious
23
Q
tumed toward the outer world and acts as a medium for the perception of external stimuli
A
Perceptual conscious system
24
Q
No contact with reality. The PLEASURE PRINCIPLE. Sole purpose is to seek pleasure
A
Id
25
Only region of the mind in contact with reality. The DECISION MAKING or the EXECUTIVE BRANCH of personality
Ego
26
Represents the MORAL AND IDEALISTIC PRINCIPLES (or aspects of personality). No contact with the outside world; unrealistic in its demands for perfection
Superego
27
Results when the ego acts/intends to act contrary to the moral standards of the superego
Guilt
28
Happens when ego fails to meet superego's standards for perfection
Feelings of inferiority
29
Its aim is SEXUAL PLEASURE, not limited to genital satisfaction
Sex
30
infants are primarily self-centered, with libido invested almost exclusively on their own ego
Primary narcissism
31
Happens during adolescence. Occupied with personal appearance and other self-interests; moderate degree of self-love
Secondary narcissism
32
second manifestation of eros
Love
33
need for sexual pleasure by inflicting pain or humiliation on another person
Sadism
34
common need; becomes a perversion when eros becomes subservient to the destructive drive
Masochism
35
The aim is to return to the organism into an inorganic state
Aggression
36
Final aim of aggressive drive
SELF-DESTRUCTION
37
repression of strong hostile impulse and overt and obvious expression of the opposite tendency
Reaction formation
38
Felt affective, unpleasant state accompanied by physical sensation that warns the person against impending danger
Anxiety
39
apprehension about an unknown danger. exists in the ego but originates from id impulses
Neurotic anxiety
40
from the conflict between ego and superego
Moral anxiety
41
closely related to fear
Realistic anxiety
42
First introduced by Freud but was further developed by Anna Freud.
Defense mechanism
43
are established in order to avoid dealing directly with sexual and aggressive Impulses and to define itself from the anxieties that go with it
Defense mechanism
44
Pushing painful or unacceptable thoughts, memories, or emotions into the unconscious mind. For instance, a person who experienced childhood trauma may have no conscious recollection of the event
Repression
45
Expressing the opposite of one's true feelings or desires because the true feelings are too anxiety-provoking. For example, someone who harbors feelings of dislike or jealousy toward another person may go out of their way to express exaggerated friendliness or admiration toward them.
Reaction formation
46
Redirecting one's emotions or impulses from the original source toward a less threatening target. For instance, a person who is angry with their boss may come home and yell at their spouse or children.
Displacement
47
Attributing one's own unacceptable thoughts, feelings, or motives to others. For example, someone who is dishonest may accuse others of being untrustworthy.
Projection
48
Extreme form of projection
Paranoia
49
Adopting beliefs or values of others without critical evaluation. Example: A person uncritically adopts their parents' political views without questioning them.
Introjection
50
Redirecting unacceptable Impulses Into socially acceptable activities. Example: Channeling aggressive energy into sports or artistic pursuits.
Sublimation
51
Three phases of stages of development
Oral
Anal
Phallic
52
0-1 y/o
Pleasure is focused on the mouth, lips, tongue
Oral phase
53
1-3 y/o
- Central pleasure is anus
- pleasure is centered in bowel and bladder control
Anal phase
54
characterized by masculine qualities of dominance and sadism
Active orientation
55
feminine qualities of voyeurism and masochism
Passive orientation
56
3-6 y/o
- When the genital area becomes the erogenous zone "anatomy is destiny"
- is characterized by the focus on the genital area and the Oedipus or Electra complex.
- Children develop strong attachment and attraction to the opposite-sex parent and may experience jealousy or rivalry with the same-sex parent.
Phallic stage
57
-Develops a sexual desire for the mother
-In the beginning this inconsistency is still okay to the child but when this becomes recognized he GIVES UP IDENTIFICATION WITH FATHER BUT RETAINS FEELINGS/DESIRE FOR MOTHER
Male Oedipus complex
58
Time when affection and hostility exist because one or both feelings may be unconscious
Complete Oedipus complex
59
When boy realize the absence of a penis in a girl, it causes shock and lends him to conclude that girls had their penis cut off.
Castration complex
60
Girls soon discover that boys are born with an extra attachment (read: penis)
Female Oedipus complex
61
Often expressed as a wish to become a man Carried over into the wish of having a baby especially a boy
Penis envy
62
Dormant psychosexual development
Latency period
63
Puberty signal the re-awakening of the sexual aim
Genital period
64
- Stage attained by everyone who reaches physical maturity
- Consicousness would play a more important role for a mature person
Maturity
65
- Stage after an individual goes through the other stages
- Difficult to achieve since most individuals may develop psychosexual problems (
Psychological maturity
66
- Patients are required to VERBALIZE every though that comes to mind no matter how irrelevant/repugnant it may seem.
- It aims to arrive at the unconscious by starting with a conscious thought and following the train of associations wherever it leads
Free association
67
- Vital to psychoanalysis
- Strong sexual or aggressive feelings, positive or negative, that patients develop to their analyst during the course of their treatment
Transference
68
allows patients to relive childhood experiences within the non-threatening climate during therapy
POSITIVE TRANSFERENCE
69
- Usually in the form of hostility
- Must be recognized by therapist and explained to patients so that they can OVERCOME RESISTANCE to treatment
Negative transference
70
- surface meaning or conscious description
- part of your dreams that you can remember
Manifest
71
Transforming the dream from its MANIFEST to LATENT content
Dream Analysis
72
- the dream's unconscious material
- part of your dream where you can decode.
Latent
73
manifest content is not as extensive as the latent content
Condensation
74
the dream image is replaced by some other idea remotely related to it
Displacement
75
discovering the unconscous element underlying the manifest content
Dream symbols
76
- Unconscious slips which are so common that we usually pay little attention to them and deny that they have underlying significance
- they reveal unconscious intention of the person
Freudian slips
77
Presents and optimistic view of the person / people while resting on the notion of SOCIAL INTEREST
Individual psychology
78
Feeling of oneness with all humankind
Social interest
79
these feelings motivate a person to strive for success/superiority
FEELINGS OF INFERIORITY
80
- Adler believed that this is the dynamic force behind all motivation
AGGRESSION
81
- WILL TO POWER OR A DOMINATION OF OTHERS
- was abandoned by adler as universal drive
MASCULINE PROTEST
82
For people who strive for PERSONAL SUPERIORITY over others
Striving for superiority
83
To describe actions of people who are motivated by highly developed SOCIAL INTEREST
Striving for success
84
- does not exist
- Either PERSONAL SUPERIORITY or the goal of success for ALL HUMANKIND
- Is fictional and has no objective existence
Final goal
85
Refers to a person's ability to share their behavior and CREATE THEIR OWN PERSONALITY
CREATIVE POWER
86
- a condition where the deficient organ expresses the direction of the individual's goal
ORGAN DIALECT
87
- the part of the goal that is neither clearly formulated or completely understood by the person
UNCONSCIOUS
88
- thoughts which are regarded by the individual as helpful in strivingfor success (unconscious, in contrast are those which are regarded as not helpful)
CONSCIOUS
89
creates goal of personal superiority and sees father as tyrant
Paternal attachment
90
- Patterns of behaviors to protect their exaggerate sense of self-esteem against public disgrace
-protect self from inferiority
Safeguarding tendencies
91
Undervalue other people's achievements and to overvalue one's own
Depreciation
92
Tendency to blame others for one's failures and to seek revenge
Accusation
93
- self-pity
- People devalue themselves in order to inflict suffering on others whileprotecting their magnified self-esteem
Self-accusation
94
When people run away from difficulties
WITHDRAWAL
95
- Psychologically reverting to a more secured period in his life
- may sometimes be conscious and is directed at maintaining an inflated goal of superiority
Moving forward
96
Avoid all responsibility by ensuring themselves against any threat or failures
Standing still
97
- Manifested through procrastination
- Gives them the excuse "it's too late now"
Hesitating
98
- By overcoming the obstacle, they protect their self-esteem and prestige
- If they fail to overcome the obstacle, they can always offer an excuse
Constructing obstacle
99
Intensified feelings of power and superiority, and overprotective tendencies
First born
100
adopt the same style towards a new baby
Cooperating style
101
-The personalities are shaped by their perception of the older child's attitudes towards them
- Extreme hostility and vengeance
- Highly competitive or easily discourage
Second born
102
- More pampered; run a high risk of being PROBLEM CHILDREN
- Have strong feelings of inferiority and to lack a sense of independence
- Highly motivated to exceed older siblings
Youngest children
103
- Unique position of competing, not against brother and sisters, but against father and mother
- Exaggerated sense of superiority and an inflated self-concept
- May lack well-developed feelings of cooperation and social interest, possess a parasitic attitude, and expect other people to pamper and protect them
Only child
104
The chief purpose is to enhance courage, lessen feelings of inferiority and encourage Social interest
Psychotherapy
105
Carl Jung's theory
Analytical psychology
106
Sigmund Freud's theory
Psychodynamic theory
107
Alfred Adler's theory
Individual psychology
108
Focus on the human psyche
Analytical psychology
109
rests on the assumption that occult phenomenon can and do influence the lives of everyone.
Analytical psychology
110
- shared by everyone
- includes those elements that we have never experienced individually but which have come down to us from our ancestors
Collective unconscious
111
elements that become highly developed
Archetypes
112
- Embraces all repressed, forgotten, or subliminally perceived experiences of one particular individual
- Formed by our INDIVIDUAL EXPERIENCES and is therefore UNIQUE to us
Personal unconscious
113
term used to refer to the contents of our personal unconscious
Complexes
114
- different manifestation from unconscious
- Ancient or archaic images that derive from the collective unconscious
Archetypes
115
an unconscious physical impulse toward action
INSTINCTS
116
- are the main source of archetypal materials
- produce motifs that could not have been known to the dreamer throughpersonal experience
Dreams
117
The side of personality that PEOPLE SHOW TO THE WORLD
Persona
118
darkness and repression, represents those qualities we do not wish to acknowledge butattempt to hide from ourselves and others.
Shadow
119
- Humans are psychologically bisexual and possess both a masculine and a feminine side
- being feminine of a man
- The feminine side of men originates in the collective unconscious as an archetype and remains extremely resistant to consciousness
Anima
120
- Being masculine of a woman
- Capable of INFLUENCING the thinking of a woman, yet it does not actually belong to her
Animus
121
- Strict in rules but very caring
- derivates of the anima and animus
Great mother
122
- a powerful person, sometimes part god, who fights against great odds to conguer or vanguish evil in the form of dragons, monsters, serpents or demons
- an immortal person cannot be a ____ because heroes are bound to die
Hero
123
- Someone who still can grow
- This innate disposition is known as the
- Jung believed that each person possesses an inherited tendency to move toward GROWTH, PERFECTION and COMPLETION
Self
124
- present events have their origin in previous experiences
CAUSALITY
125
- present events are motivated by goals and aspirations for the future that direct a person's destiny
TELEOLOGY
126
Predisposition to act or react in a characteristic function
ATTITUDES
127
Turning INWARD of psychic energy with an orientation toward the SUBJECTIVE
Introversion
128
Distinguished by the turning OUTWARD of psychic energy so that a person is oriented toward the OBJECTIVE and away from the subjective
Extraversion
129
- Also called INDIVIDUATION
- Process of becoming an individual or whole person
Self realization
130
Melanie Klein's theory
Object relations theory
131
- importance of first 4 to 6 after birth
- was built on careful observations of young children
Object relations theory
132
- fills infant not only with milk but with love and security
GOOD BREAST
133
- one that is not present and does not give milk, love or secunty
BAD BREAST
134
Karen horney's theory
Psychoanalytic social theory
135
plays a leading role in shaping human personality, either neurotic or healthy
Culture
136
- develops when the parents do not satisfy the child's need for safety and satisfaction
BASIC HOSTILITY
137
- Repressed hostility then leads to profound feelings of insecurity and a vague sense of apprehension
- feeling of being isolated and helpless in a world conceived as potentially hostile
BASIC ANXIETY
138
- people may try to purchase love with self-effacing compliance, material goods or sexual favors
Affection
139
- submitting themselves to either people or institutions such as an organization or religion; to gain affection
Submissiveness
140
- defense against real or imagined hostility
Power, Prestige and Possession
141
tendency to dominate others
POWER
142
Expressed as a tendency to humiliate others
PRESTIGE
143
acts as a buffer against destitution and poverty and manifests itself as a tendency to deprive others
POSSESSION
144
- either by developing an independence from other or by becoming emotionally detached from them
Withdrawal
145
-Attempt to indiscriminately to PLEASE OTHERS
-Try to live up to the expectations of others
-Dread self-assertion
-Uncomfortable with the hostility of others as well as the hostile feelings within themselves
The Neurotic Need for Affection and Approval
146
-Attaching themselves to a powerful partner
-Overevaluation of love and a dread of being alone or deserted
The neurotic need for a power partner
147
- Strive to remain Inconspicuous; or take second place
-Being contented with very little
-Downgrade their own abilities
-Dread making demands on others
The neurotic need to restrict one's life within narrow borders
148
- Power and affection are perhaps the two greatest neurotic needs
- Need for power is usually combined with the needs for prestige and possession and manifests as a need to control others and to avoid feelings of weakness or stupidity
The neurotic need for power
149
- Frequently evaluate others on the basis of how they can be used or exploited, but at the same time they fear being exploited by others
The neurotic need to exploit others
150
Trying to be first, to be important, or to attract attention to themselves
The neurotic need for social recognition or prestige
151
- Need to be admired for what they are rather than for what they possess
- Inflated self-esteem must be continually fed by the admiration and approval of other
The neurotic need for personal admiration
152
- Strong drive to be the best
- Must defeat people in order to confirm their superiority
The neurotic need for ambition and personal achievement
153
- Strong need to move away from people thereby proving can get along without others
The neurotic need for self-sufficiency and independence
154
- Striving relentlessly for perfection
- Receiving "proof" of their self-esteem and personal superiority
- Dread making mistakes and having personal flaws
- Desperately attempt to hid their weaknesses from others
The neurotic need for perfection and unassailability
155
Neurotic trends
Moving towards people
Moving against people
Moving away from people
156
Some children move ______ people by behaving in a COMPLIANT MANNER as a protection against feelings of helplessness
Towards
157
Some move ______ people with acts of AGGRESSION in order to circumvent the hostility of others
Against
158
Other children _______ from people by adopting a DETACHED manner, thus alleviating feelings of isolation
Move away
159
Neurotic need to protect oneself against feelings of helplessness
Moving toward people
160
- Aggressive people take for granted the everyone is hostile
- Motivated by a strong need to exploit others and to use them for their own benefit
-Seldom admit their mistakes
- Compulsively driven to appear perfect, powerful and superior
Moving against people
161
- behave in a detached manner and adopt a neurotic trend
- expression of needs for privacy, independence and self-sufficiency
Moving away from people
162
These processes originate from interpersonal experiences; but as they become part of a person's belief system, they develop a life of their own - an existence separate from the interpersonal conflicts that gave them life
INTRAPSYCHIC CONFLICT
163
- attempt to solve conflicts by painting a godlike picture of oneself
Idealized Self-Image
164
- an interrelated yet equally irrational and powerful tendency to despise one's real self
Self-hatred
165
- a pathological belief that men are superior to women
masculine protest
166
Erich Fromm's theory
Humanistic psychoanalysis
167
Produced by the feelings of loneliness and isolation
Basic anxiety
168
Drive for union with another person or other persons
Relatedness
169
- a person can submit to another, to a group, or to an institution in order to become one with the world
- may authority na gina follow
Submission
170
power seekers welcome submissive partners
Power
171
People in this relationship are drawn to one another not by love but by a desperate need for relatedness, a need that can never be completely satisfied by such a partnership
symbiotic relationships
172
- the ONLY ROUTE by which a person can become united with the world, and, at the same time, achieve individuality and integrity
- involves sharing and communion with another, yet it allows a person the freedom to be unique and separate
Love
173
Defined as the URGE TO RISE ABOVE a passive and accidental existence and into "the realm of purposefulness and freedom"
Transcendence
174
to kill for reasons other than survival
Malignant Aggression
175
- Need to establish roots or to feel at home again in the world
Rootedness
176
- people are weaned from the orbit of their mother and become fully born; that is, they actively and creatively relate to the world and become whole or integrated
PRODUCTIVE
177
- through FIXATION
- Reluctance to move beyond the protective security provided by one's mothers
NON PRODUCTIVE
178
- Capacity to be aware of ourselves as a separate entity
- can be based on adjustment to the group, or it can be satisfied through creative movement toward individuality
Sense of Identity
179
- to make their way through the world
road map
180
- enables people to organize the various stimuli that impinge on them
- may either be irrational or rational, but only a rational philosophy can serve as a basis for the growth of total personality
frame of orientation
181
are the DRIVING FORCES in normal people, both individually and collectively
mechanisms of escape
182
results from basic feelings of powerlessness, weakness, and inferiority and is aimed at joining the self to a more powerful person or institutions
Masochism
183
- more neurotic and more socially harmful
- manipulate/gaslight others your to go on way.
Sadism
184
rooted in the feelings of alones, isolation and powerlessness
Destructiveness
185
- people who try to escape from a sense of alones and isolation by giving up their individuality and becoming whatever other people desire them to be
Conformity
186
a person "can be free and not alone, critical and yet not filled with doubts, independent and yet an integral part of mankind
Positive freedom
187
a person's relatively permanent way of relating to people and things
CHARACTER ORIENTATIONS
188
- "the totality of inherited and acquired psychic qualities which are characteristic of one individual and which make the individual unique''
Personality
189
- most important of the acquired qualities of personality
- is a substitute for instincts
Character
190
- feel that the source of all good lies outside themselves and that the only way they can relate to the world is to receive things, including love, knowledge and material possessions
- focus on taking rather than giving
Receptive
191
- believe that the source of all good is outside themselves
- prefer to steal or plagiarize rather than create
Exploitative
192
seek to save that which they have already obtained
Hoarding
193
- outgrowth of modern commerce
- see themselves as commodities, with their personal value dependent on their exchange value, that is, their ability to sell themselves.
-kahit may change they still don't have their own identity
Marketing
194
- a passionate love of life and all that is alive
biophilia
195
- Its literal meaning is "love of death"
- Refers to a sexual perversion in which a person desires sexual contact with a corpse
Necrophilia
196
- narcissism IMPEDES the PERCEPTION of reality so that everything belonging to a narcissistic person is highly valued and everything belonging to another individual is devalued
Malignant Narcissism
197
pre-occupation with GUILT about previous transgressions
Moral Hypochondriasis
198
- Extreme dependence on the mother or mother surrogate
- people are inseparable from the HOST PERSON
- feel extremely anxious and frightened if that relationship is threatened
Incestuous Symbiosis
199
- aim of therapy is for patients to come to know themselves
- patients come to therapy seeking satisfaction of their basic human needs
Humanistic psychoanalysis psychotherapy
200
Expressed in symbolic language
Dreams
201
a way of seeing our physical self as different from other people
Body Ego
202
an illusion perpetrated and perpetuated by a particular society that it is somehow chose to the THE human species
pseudospecies
203
Erik Erikson's theory
Post-freudian theory
204
Basic strength of early childhood
Will
