Midterm

Question 1

Law vs. Theory

Answer 1

a law summarizes what happens, a theory is an attempt to explain why it happens

Question 2

SI unit for mass

Answer 2

kg

Question 3

SI unit for length

Answer 3

m

Question 4

SI unit for electric current

Answer 4

ampere (A)

Question 5

SI unit for luminous intensity

Answer 5

candela (cd)

Question 6

Mega-

Answer 6

(M) 10^6

Question 7

Pico-

Answer 7

(p) 10^-12

Question 8

Micro-

Answer 8

10^-6

Question 9

Nano-

Answer 9

(n) 10^-9

Question 10

all mater is composed of extremely small particles called atoms

Answer 10

Dalton’s Atomic Theory

Question 11

compounds have a constant composition by mass. they react in specific rations by mass.

Answer 11

Law of Definite Proportions

Question 12

Discovered elections through the cathode ray tube experiment.

Answer 12

J. J. Thomson

Question 13

Atoms of a given element are identical in sixe, mass, ad other properties

Answer 13

Dalton’s Atomic Theory

Question 14

devised the Plum Pudding model

Answer 14

J. J. Thomson

Question 15

atoms cannot be subdivided, created nor destroyed.

Answer 15

Dalton’s Atomic Theory

Question 16

atoms of different elements can combine in simple whole-number rations to form chemical compounds

Answer 16

Dalton’s Atomic Theory

Question 17

when two elements form more that one compound, the rations of the masses of the second element that combine with one gram of the first can be reduced to small whole numbers.

Answer 17

Law of Multiple Proportions

Question 18

used the oil drop apparatus to determine the charge of an electron

Answer 18

Robert Millikan

Question 19

in chemical reactions, atoms are combined, separated, or rearranged

Answer 19

Dalton’s Atomic Theory

Question 20

discovered that the nucleus is small, dense, and positively charged through the gold foil experiment.

Answer 20

Rutherford

Question 21

True or false: Protons and neutrons are fundamental particles.

Answer 21

False. they are made up of quarks
Protons: 2 ups, 1 down
Neutrons: 1 up, 2 downs

Question 22

What holds quarks together?

Answer 22

gluons

Question 23

Nitrate solubility

Answer 23

Always soluble

Question 24

Common strong acids

Answer 24

HCl, HBr, HI, HNO3, H2SO4, HClO4

Question 25

Common strong bases

Answer 25

Oxidized and hydroxides of I & II A metals

Question 26

Boyle's Law

Answer 26

PV=PV

Question 27

Charles' Law

Answer 27

V/T=V/T

Question 28

Avogadro's Law

Answer 28

V/n=V/n

Question 29

Gay-Lussac Law

Answer 29

P/T=P/T

Question 30

1 Atm= _____ Pa

Answer 30

101,325

Question 31

The total pressure in a container is the sum of the pressure each was exert if it were alone in a container

Answer 31

Dalton's law

Question 32

Particles are so small the we can ignore their volume

Answer 32

Kinetic molecular theory

Question 33

Root mean square equation

Answer 33

Maxwell equation

Question 34

[P+a(n/V)^2]x(V-nb)=nRT

Answer 34

Van dear Waal's equation

Question 35

The particles do not affect each other, neither attracting nor repelling

Answer 35

Kinetic molecular theory

Question 36

Particles are in constant motion and their collisions carouse pressure

Answer 36

Kinetic molecular theory

Question 37

(r1/r2)=(M1/M2)^.5

Answer 37

Graham's Law

Question 38

The average kinetic energy is proportional to the Kelvin temperature

Answer 38

Kinetic molecular theory

Question 39

Hess's Law

Answer 39

Enthalpy of reaction = enthalpy of formation (products) - enthalpy of formation (reaction)

Question 40

Delta E = ?

Answer 40

q + w

Question 41

Work = ?

Answer 41

-P(delta T)

Question 42

Heat of solution - three steps - equation

Answer 42

- 1) break intermolecular forces (+) 2) disrupt IMF of water molecules (+) 3) formation of ion-dipole forces (-) - above added together

Question 43

Electrons double-up while spinning in opposite directions

Answer 43

Pauli exclusion principle

Question 44

Electrons fill up hydrogen like orbitals from the lowest energy levels

Answer 44

Aufbau principle

Question 45

The lowest energy configuration for an atom is the one that has the maximum number of unpaired electrons.

Answer 45

Hund's rule

Question 46

From %T to A

Answer 46

-log(%T/100) = A

Question 47

Beer's Law

Answer 47

A=ecl e= molecular absorbance c= concentration l= length of container

Question 48

Lattice energy equation: | E=(2.31x10^-19J•nm)(Q1Q2/r)

Answer 48

Coulomb's Law

Question 49

Formal charge equation

Answer 49

``` # valence e - # bonds - # lone electrons * double bonds = 2 bonds ```

Question 50

Bond order equation for non diatomics.

Answer 50

bonds on central atom/# of free atoms on central atom.