Midterm Flashcards
(190 cards)
1
Q
An age-related hearing loss
A
Presbycusis
2
Q
What is this?
* Age-related hearing loss
* Difficulty hearing high frequencies
* Diminished ability for pitch/tone threshold
* Most age-related hearing loss is sensorineural
* Interferes with ability to interact with environment (social and physical)
* Diminished speech reception, discrimination, and understanding
A
Presbycusis
3
Q
T or F: does economic circumstance have an effect on longevity, with wealthy surviving longest?
A
true
4
Q
ambiguity of older adults: wise and revered or foolish and burdensome?
A
aattitudes
5
Q
More clarity in agrarian societies?
Contemplation or action?
A
roles
6
Q
Generational experiences (ex: historical events) affect attitudes, roles, and expectations
A
cohort effects.
7
Q
Young old age range
A
55-75
8
Q
middle old age range
A
76-85
9
Q
oldest old
A
85+
10
Q
social and behavioral determinants of health in aging: risk factor screening
A
Individual characteristics and experiences
Low education
Poverty
SES
Food insecurity
Depression
Tobacco use
Alcohol abuse
Low physical activity
Lack of a partner (social connection)
Genetics
Personality Traits
Adaptability & emotional regulation
Coping skills
Belief & expectations
11
Q
T or F: women live longer
A
true
12
Q
T or F: women more likely. to be frail or disabled later in life
A
True
13
Q
T or F: women are more likely to live in poverty
A
true
14
Q
T or F: men more likely to struggle with absence of work role
A
true
15
Q
environment with strong social supports but difficult to access services
A
rural
16
Q
Environment that tens to have a lower SES but closer to resources and transportations
A
Urban
17
Q
Environment with higher SES but some difficulty with transportation
A
Suburban
18
Q
Sociocultural impacts of environment on aging
A
Societal attitudes
Cultural beliefs and values about aging
Financial supports
Access to care
Financing care
19
Q
Other things to consider for impact of environment on aging
A
Aging in place
Migration
Homelessness
Institutionalization
Transportation
Safety
20
Q
2 important population trends
A
(1) number of elders worldwide is increasing
(2) change in demographic structure is becoming more “rectangular” (same amount of old & young people)
21
Q
Positive aging contributions
A
Objective and subjective factors that incorporate successful aging, aging well, and optimal aging
22
Q
Successful aging
A
outside voluntary control
23
Q
Active aging
A
promotes vision of all individuals within 8 dimensions of wellness
24
Q
8 dimensions of wellnesss
A
Emotional
Environmental
Financial
Intellectual
Physical
Social
Spiritual
Vocational
25
OT contribution to positive successful aging
Centrality of meaningful occupation: support function that allows for meaningful occupation
26
aged defined by theories aging
population of those categorized as elderly
27
aging defined by theories aging
developmental process
28
age defined by theories aging
dimension of structure and behavior
29
Stochastic theories of aging
Explains aging as a result of "insults" from environment
- A biological theory
30
Biological theories of aging
Stochastic theories
Developmental-genetic theories
Evolutionary theories
31
Developmental genetic theories
Process of aging is "genetically controlled'
- A biological theory
31
Evolutionary theories
Explains origin of giving as well as divergence of species life spans
32
Neuropsychologcial theories of aging
Age-related change
Neurodegenerative change
33
Age-related change
Neural structures are most vulnerable to aging process
- Neuropsychologcial theories of aging
34
Neurodegenerative change
Age-linked changes produce observable degenerative deficits in cognitive functioning
- Neuropsychologcial theories of aging
35
Psychological theories of aging
Lifespan development
Selective optimization with compensation
Socioemotional selectivity
Cognition & aging
Personality & aging
36
Selective optimization with compensation
Focus is on managing dynamics between gains and losses as one ages
- Psychological theories of aging
37
Lifespan development
explains dynamic between biology & culture
- Psychological theories of aging
38
Socioemotional selectivity
individuals reduce interactions with some people as they age and increases emotional closeness with significant others
- Psychological theories of aging
39
Cognition & aging
age-related decline in fluid cognition
- Psychological theories of aging
40
Personality & aging
extent and nature of personality stability
- Psychological theories of aging
41
Client-centered approaches with older adults
Systems theory of motor control
Model of Human Occupation
- how clients generalize and incorporate therapeutic strategies into daily life
- theory guide practices, for example; how does helping a patient in a wheelchair to strengthen their arms help with bathing? ... tub transfer. ... function!
42
Systems theory of motor control
Motor movement can only be understood as an interaction of internal and external forces acting on body
- Client-centered approaches with older adults
43
Model of Human Occupation
Occupational participation, or engagement in work, leisure, or ADLs, comprises 3 interrelated components: volition, habituation, and performance capacity
- Client-centered approaches with older adults
44
ICF Domains
Health condition: disorder, disease
Body function & body structure: function of body system or anatomical body parts
- abnormalities of function or structure are referred to as impairments
Activities: execution of a task or activity
- difficulties at activity level (activity is at center of chart) are labeled as activity limitations
Participation: life situation/ societal perspective of functioning
- difficulties at participation level (activity at middle right of chart) labeled as participation restrictions
Environmental factors
Personal factors
45
Healthy people 2030: Objectives for OA
- improve and sustain health for all Americans and address community needs
- a "call to action" for next 10 years
46
Underappreciated public health risks
Social isolation and loneliness
47
Demographic trends contributing to social isolation and loneliness
- increased people living alone
- decreased marriage rate
- decreased community involvement
Mediators -- explains how social isolation of loneliness affects health outcomes
Moderators -- factors that influence magnitude of effect of social isolation and loneliness
48
Medicare part A
hospitalization, SNFs, home care, home health care, hospice
49
Medicare part C
Medicare advantage
50
Medicare part B
Physicians and HC providers
51
Medicare part D
Meds
52
What parts of Medicare are relevant to OT/PT and other therapists?
part A, B, C
53
Jimmo v Sebelius
Functional maintenance and delayed decline as outcome covered
54
Medicaid
LTC only covered if no financial resource
55
Older Americans Act
Area agencies on aging, senior meal programs
56
Models of advocacy: theories guiding development
empowerment theory & strength-based theory
57
Empowerment theory
developing skills to advocate for themselves
58
Strength-based theory
capable of change and growth
59
Therapist role in advocacy
Responsibility to advocate for policies that will assist their patients
- establish supporting data
- educational efforts with legislators and clients
- help clients learn to advocate for themselves
- communicate with legislators
60
occupational justice
A belief that everyone should have access to and support for engaging in meaningful occupations
61
meaningful occupation
core of human experience
62
occupational value
individuals assessment of importance of activity that can inform meaning
63
Selective Optimization with Compensation (SOC)
Recognition that an OA needs to alter occupation to optimize function
64
Evaluation of meaning
COPM
Life satisfaction index
Engagement in meaningful activities survey
65
Interventions to promot meaning
Wellness
Meaningful occupation
Reminiscence
Life review
Spirituality
Promote mental health, social functioning, functional status, and physical function
66
Physical changes in aging process
Atrophy, dystrophy, edema --> decreased accuracy, speed, range, endurance, coordination, stability, strength; loss of bone mass, sarcopenia
67
sarcopenia
loss of muscle mass
68
sensory changes
visual
hearing
vestibular
taste changes
olfactory changes
somatosensory
69
Reduced visual acuity, decreased accommodation, adjusting to illumination, resisting to glare, changes in color sensitivity
- interferes with ability to interact with environment
visual changes
70
Presbycusis (age-related loss; mostly sensorineural) that is difficulty hearing high frequencies
- diminished speech reception, discrimination, and understanding
- interferes with ability to interact with environment
Hearing loss
71
Loss of receptor organs; postural sway; wide gait; unsteady walking; alterations in righting, presbyasmasis (age-related disequilibrium)
- interferes with functional mobility
Vestibular changees
72
Decreases in taste, taste and saliva; dental problems, mild dysgeusia
taste changes
73
Decline in threshold for sensitivity
olfactory
74
Decreased tactile sensitivity, temperature sensitivity, kinesthetic sensitivity, peripheral NS
- leads to safety risks and diminished fine motor skills
Somatosensory
75
More distractible, complex attention difficulty, word finding challenges, decreased processing speed, ST memory decreases, prospective memory decreases
- leads to safety risks
Higher level cognitive function changes
76
Geriatric syndrome
Incontinence, falls, dementia, malnutrition, functional decline
- risks include frailty, leads to poor outcomes like disability, dependence, LTC, death
77
Evaluation of functional performance objectives
- differentiate among various purposes and types of assessments & evaluations
- describe need for a conceptual framework to guide assessment of functional performance
- identify critical areas of functional performance that should be assessed in OA
- describes factors, specifically that relate to OA that affect functional performance and need to be considered in assessment
78
Evaluation of functional performance objectives - differentiate among various purposes and types of assessments & evaluations
descriptive evaluation
predictive assessment
outcome evaluation
79
Evaluation of functional performance objectives - describe need for a conceptual framework to guide assessment of functional performance
changes in health status and increasing chronic disease lead to increasing difficulties in performing ADL and meaningful occupations
80
Evaluation of functional performance objectives - identify critical areas of functional performance that should be assessed in OA
exercise capacity and tolerance
functional mobility
a person's usual or actual performance of mobility
Overall function & disability
Performance difficulties in self-care, productivity, and leisure
Roles of importance
ADLs & IADLs
Home safety
Cognition
81
Evaluation of functional performance objectives - describes factors, specifically that relate to OA that affect functional performance and need to be considered in assessment
complex vs. simple
performance based vs. patient reported outcomes
cost
fixed vs. computer adaptive
global vs. multidimensional
training & certification
standard vs. functional
82
Objectives of service delivery and community-based OT practice
identify various multidimensional needs of community-based elders
describe different programs and settings in community for OAs
village model
program of all-inclusive, care for elderly
83
Different barriers and challenges for OAs services in community
Systemic level (policy, economics)
Agency level (staff, funds, structure)
Individual (attitude, behavior)
84
Strategies to facilitate OA participation in occupations to promote health & well-being
activity modification
diet & hydration
DME & adaptive equipment
energy conservation
Environmental modification
functional cognition assessments
Patient education
posture & positioning
85
Innovative and creative roles for OT in community based practice for OA
Primary care --- ADLs, IADLs, health promotion, wellness, cognitive strategies, stress reduction, caregiver assistance, self-management, safety
Community --- consultant, direct provider/ case manager, advocate
Senior Center --- consultant, education, address meaningful occupation and connectedness
86
What is a fall?
An unintentional event resulting in a person coming to rest inadvertently on ground or other lower levelMo
87
Most common fall injury
hip fracture
88
Most common location of falls
Residence (bathroom, bedroom)
- more common descending stairs than ascending stairs
89
Falls are common among people living in
LTC & hospitalization
90
Fall complications
Increased mortality
Fractures
Head trauma
Musculoskeletal injury
Risk of "long lines"
91
Fall considerations
height of fall
fracture risk
psychological injury
impact surface
protective reflexes
"long lines"
92
intrinsic fall risks
Medical conditions
- chronic disease
- acute events
- medications
- malnutrition
- dehydration
93
Extrinsic fall risk factors
Environment
- footwear
- time of day
- assistive devices
- where the activity is
- activity type
- polypharmacy
- physical environment
94
Modifiable fall risk factors
Environment (mostly), community, policy, behavioral, and cognitive (mostly)
95
Non-modifiable fall risk factors
Age-related and biological (mostly)
96
Importance & relevance of fear of falling
Fear of falling --> stops being active --> physical weakness --> social isolation --> anxiety --> depression --> increased fall risk
97
Key components of varied fall assessments
Vitals signs
Posture
Functional mobility (gait, getting up from chair, balance)
Focused neuro exam
Joint deformities/ instability & P/AROM
Cognition & depreession
Vision
98
Elements of fall prevention strategies for OAs
Identification --> assessment --> management --> monitor & review
- multifactorial interventions are most successful
99
Guarding strategies of falls
education and prevention
Exercise and strength training
postural sway
hip and ankle strategies
stepping and stumbling strategies
balanca and postural control
100
Intrinsic fall prevention strategies
Restore/remediate - strength, flexibility, balance
Modify - ambulatory device, footwear
Promote - metacognition, address fear of falling
101
Fear of falling intrvnetions
Improve balance and muscle strength, behavioral modification, eliminate environmental hazards, support systems, teach problem solving
102
Extrinsic fall prevention strategies
Transporting items
Phone access
Exterior surfaces
Toilet, commode, urinal access
Stairways, railings, and treads
103
Relationship between fall prevention and quality of life for OAs
Increased quality of life
104
Frailty
A clinical syndrome where 3+ crtieria are present
105
Frailty criteria
Unintentional weight loss
Self-reported exhaustion
Weakness
Slow walking speed
Low physical activity
106
Increased state of vulnerability due to impairments in many systems that may give rise to a diminished ability to respond to even mild stresses and incorporates multi morbidity and CNS impairments
Frailty
107
Frailty phenotype is predictive (over 3 years) of incidence of falls, worsening mobility, or ADL disability, hospitalization, death
Fried phenotype
108
How does frailty differ from disability?
Malnutrition, prolonged bedrest, dependence, gait
109
Frailty - disability comorbidity
Disability is an outcome of frailty
110
Characteristics of frailty
Weakness (specifically grip strength)
Slowness (gait speed)
Low activity (sedentary)
Poor endurance (exhaustion)
Shrinking (weight loss)
111
Risk factors and implications of frailty on health outcomes
Poor surgical outcomes
Prolonged hospitalizations
Deconditioning
Faster functional decline
Other factors: depression, anxiety, cognitive function, income, living environment, diet, smoking, alcohol consumption
112
Robost
0 characteristics of frailty
113
Prefrail
1-2 characteristics of frailty
114
Predeath
endstage
115
Frail
3+ characteristics oof frailty
116
Frailty assessments
Gait speed
5x sit-to-stand
Hand grip
Easycare 2-step OA screening
Short physical performance battery
Clinical frailty scale
Groningen frailty indicator questionnaire
117
Frailty interventioons
ADL/IADL retraining
Home modification recommendation
Multidisciplinary approaches
Assistive devices/ adaptive equipment
118
Implication of frailty on occupational performance and participation
Frailty is a distinct physiologic syndrome in OAs, not synonymous with age, disability, or comorbidity
Central features --- weakness, poor endurance, slow performance
- targeting frail OAs can reduce falls, hospitalizations, worsening mobility, and ADLs, and mortality
119
Role of OT in identifying and preventing frailty in OAS
Promote activity (health & wellness programs, physical activity & exercise)
Identify at risk & frail elders (delay & prevent adverse outcomes using targeted interventions: strength, functional mobility)
120
Primary healthcare initiatives
Integrated accessible healthcare services by clinicians who are accountable for addressing a large majority of healthcare needs
121
Primary care
Element within primary health care that focuses on health care services; includes HC promotions, illness, ad injury prevention, and diagnosis and treatment of illness and injury
122
Primary health care
Includes services delivered to individuals and population-level functions
123
Models of care
Clinic
Outreach
Self-management
Community-based rehabilitation
Case management
Shared care
124
Role of rehabiliation in primary care settings/ programs
Research, education, policy
Community education
Inter/intraprofessional opportunities
125
Role of OT in working with OAs with chronic diseases in managing their health needs
Self-management training for chronic/psychiatric conditions
Pain management
Self-management education safety & fall prevention
Driving & community mobility
Redesign environments
Health promotion & prevention across lifespan
Individual education
Family & caregiver support
126
Strategies & resources for health management
Physical activity program
Fall prevention programs
Nutrition program
Depression and substance use programs
127
Role of OT in medication management and strategies to be utilized
Pill counts
Rates of prescription refills
Patient diaries
Electronic medication management
128
Strategies to improve medication management
Recognize poor adherence
Enhance communication between MD & patient
CBT strategies
Self-monitoring strategies
Multifactorial approach
Reminder cues
Social supports (pharmacist, family, friends)
129
How technology can be utilized to enhance health management and maintenance tasks?
Telehealth
Vital sign monitoring
Chronic disease management
Fall detection
Pain management
Wound care
Heart failure
130
T or F: OTs should become familiar with evidence-based programs and resources for health management, health promotion, and maintenance tasks
True
131
Tasks/ roles and potential opportunities for OAs as "lifelong learners"
Health literacy
Group education
Social connectedness
Sensory decline
132
Consider and apply OA learning needs to evaluation, intervention, and program planning and outcome assessments for ...
Hearing considerations
Visual considerations
133
Hearing considerations & strategies - Consider and apply OA learning needs to evaluation, intervention, and program planning and outcome assessments
Environment modification
Rate & pitch
Distance
Size of group
Amplification of devices
Strategies:
- have client attention
- speak slow & clear: no shouting
- write any message for additional clarification
- use non-verbal communication and gestures
- check hearing aid function
- do not repeat; paraphrase, or phrase differently
134
Visual considerations - Consider and apply OA learning needs to evaluation, intervention, and program planning and outcome assessments
Adequate lighting
Reducing glare
Avoid color coding with safety is a factor
Avoid abrupt changes in light
Large print for signs, directions, labels
Strategies:
- maintain distraction free environment
- lighting
- accessibility concerns
- acoustic materials
- consider using touch for communication & orientation
- sit close to client
- avoid sudden changes in body position/space
135
Effective teaching strategies for community based settings, home care, and senior centers
Text size
Use of contrast
Bullet points/ lists
Simple line drawings
Location of where info is stored
Limited use of tables & charts
Use pics that are positive representations for OAs
136
Hill-burton act
addressed design of federally funded hospital
137
Architectural barriers act
Founded transportation board to study architectural design and develop standards and construction of accessible buildings
138
Rehabilitation act
Found access board to enhance accessibilityy
139
IDEA
FAPE
140
Telecommunication act
Videoconferencing & accessible comms services
141
ADA: Sec 508
Website accessibility
142
Affordable care act
Discrimination against people with disabilities is illegal
143
Fair housing amendments act
Landlord cannot evict or disallow modifications for disabled tenants (tenants must pay for mods within apt; landlords must pay for mods to make building access accessible)
144
Visibility
3 features including no-step entrance, minimum of 32in wide doorway, bathroom on first floor
145
Changes to Physical environment ` process
policies and laws affect accessibility --> affects physical environment --> physical environment contributes to activity analysis --> analyze activity, consider context it occurs, social and cultural expectations, and plan an intervention
146
Role of OT in environmental modifications
Analyze physical environment
Determine functional demands
Negotiate intervention options in collab with client
147
Purpose of home assessments
Identify potential hazards
Identify challenge to function & safety
Evaluate fit between person, task, and environment
148
Best practices for home assessments
Prioritize client centered evaluations
Shared decision making
Thoughtful analysis
Be patient & build rapport
148
Overall goal of home assessments
Engage in occupation & participation in home
Facilitate aging in place
149
Types of Home assessments
- Self-report/ home safety checklist
- Performance based assessment
- Skilled analysis of supportive features
- Web based assessment tools
- PEOO assessment process
- HEAP (Home environment assessment protocol)
- IHOP (in-home occupational performance evaluation)
- WeHSA (easy to use; westmead home safety assessment)
- Safer home V3
- COUGAR home safety assessment (CHSA)
- HOME FAST
150
Self-report/ home safety checklist
Pros: self-report, includes recommendations, quick screenings
Cons: few demonstrate reliability/ validity, focuses on hazards over environment
151
Skilled analysis of supportive features of home assessments
Typically a skilled interview and observation
Pro: comprehensive, leads to tailored observations
Con: requires skilled professional, time consuming, needs team approach
152
Web based home assessment tools
home for life design
silver spaces
live at homepro
HESTIApro/myHESTIA
153
Home assessment PEO assessment process
Person:
Consider burden
Conditions
Goals
Neighborhood, house, yard:
Visitability
Social context
Areas/rooms used
154
HEAP
- assess home for people with dementia and caregivers for safety hazards
- provide recommendations for home modifications
- context: rehab, home health
- PEO: revolves around caregiver, occupation centered, environment considered treatment modality
155
I-HOPE (in-home occupational performance evaluation)
Measures in-home activity performance of P-E after home mod interventions
context: rehab, home health, home mod specialist
PEO: client centered, occupation orientation
- uses card sort, identifies satisfaction and barriers to participation
156
WeHSA (Westmead home safety assessment)
- systematically identifies fall hazards
Context: home health, home mod specialist
PEO: client centered, occupation orientation
- checklist to measure client relevancy
157
Safer home V3
- most common
- assess client ability to carry out functional activity in home; measure effectiveness of home mods
- Context: rehab, home health
- PEO: occupational orientation
- uses interview & observation of client participation in activity; assess safety risks
158
COUGAR home safety assessment (CHSA)
- assessment of home safety with focus on environmental safety
- Context: acute, rehab, home health
- PEO: environmental orientation
- observation, testing, questioning for safety
159
Home fast
- screening
- quick screen of safety areas of home
- Context: home care
- PEO: PeO
- screen to identify fall risk
160
If a client has a stroke and goals of tying their shoes what are some intervention approaches?
Reduce impairment
- 4 strategies: surgery, therapy, train/education, teach compensation strategies or adaptive techniques
Compensate for impairment
Use of assistive tech devices & services
Redesign activity
Redesign environment
- accessible design: meet minimum standards
- adaptable design: design for individual
- transgenerational design: accommodate for ages
- universal design: designed for people of all ages & abilities (equitable, flexible, simple, intuitive, perceptive, tolerance for error)
Use personal assistance
161
Examples of assistive tech at home
Walking aid/wheelchairs
Robots
Screen readers
Voice recognition software
CCTVs
Braille output devices
Hearing aids
Amplification devices
Handheld computers
Auto-turn on/off devices
Timers/alarms
162
Paying for device modifications
loans & grants
Non-profits
Veteran support funds
Medicaid
163
Loans and grants to pay for home modifications
HUD property improvement loans, Rural housing repair loans and grants, Assistive living conversion program, Reverse mortgage
164
Non-profits to pay for home modifications
Rebuilding together, Habitat for humanity
165
Veteran support funds to pay for home modifications
HISA grat, SHA grant, SAH grant
166
Gerotechnology
Assistive tech, services, home modifications = enhanced function, increased safety, and increased participation
Targets:
- home monitoring systems
- health management systems
- medication management
- home automation
- fall prevention
- caregiver burden
167
Concepts associated with health and wellness for OAs
Well elderly
Wellness model
168
Well elderly
OAs who reside in community who function independently by effectively coping with physical, psychological, and social changes
169
Wellness model
Awareness of choices toward successful lifestyle
- principles address physical, spiritual, emotional, social, and occupational
170
Factors that promote wellness
Genetics
Physical activity
Proper diet & nutrition
Social support
Spirituality
Perceived control & self-efficacy
Engagement in valued activity.
Established routine
171
Prevention concepts
Primordial prevention
Primary prevention
Secondary prevention
Tertiary prevention
172
Primordial prevention
Social and economic policies effecting health
173
Primary prevention
Risk factors that lead to injury/ disease (ex: safety belt laws, vaccines)
- prevention before symptomatic
174
Secondary prevention
Injury/ disease one exposed to risk factor, but still in early/ "preclinical" stage
- asymptomatic but risk factor identified
175
Tertiary prevention
Rehabilitating person with injury/disease to reduce complications (ex: vocational rehab to retain workers after injury)
- intervention/direct service
176
Characteristic of evidence based programs that support health and wellness for OAs
Health promotion
Transtheoretical Model of Change (TTM) aka motivational interviewing
Lifestyle redesign
177
Health promotion
- explores use of occupation for staying healthy: body, self environment
- service delivery: individual, group, consultation
178
Transtheoretical Model of Change (TTM) aka motivational interviewing
"Intentional change occurs over time --> when applies to OAs it promotes health"
- 5 stages: pre contemplation --> contemplation --> preparation --> action --> maintenance
179
Lifestyle redesign
"Well elderly" study explored impact of occupation in aging population, geared towards improving health, QOL, and life satisfaction
- results: positive gains and fewer declines (less deterioration in OT group)
180
Acute care and acute rehab setting
In-patient hospital
Medically stable and can handle 3 hours of therapy
In-patient acute rehab
Free-standing rehab
180
Post-acute care/ subacute rehab
Subacute rehab
Long term care rehab
180
Subacute rehab (SAR)
Philosophy: different than LTC
Roles: (1) OT role is similar to acute rehabilitation & (2) staff has different demands
Goal: increased independence by discharge whether it is home, assisted living, or SNF
180
T or F: In both SAR & LTAC the patients cannot tolerate the conditions of acute care or acute rehab, but can still do some rehabilitation
True
180
LTAC: long term acute care
Post-acute care, medically complex, and multi-system complication (ex: pt. may be ventilator dependent, have wounds, and tracheostomy)
181
Intermediate/transitional care
Assisted living
Independent living
182
T or F: in both assisted & independent living patient can still get some rehabilitation as needed
True
183
T or F: in LTC, SNF, and NH the patient can still get some rehabilitation as needed
True
184
SNF
Services medical needs of all residents
Interdisciplinary approach: OT, PT, SLP, social work, recreational therapy, chaplain
Biopsychosocial model: Wellness model & medicine that examines how 3 aspects. - biological, psychological, and social - occupy roles in relative health or disease
