Midterm

Question 1

what are the empirical facts about a mature understanding of death

Answer 1

universality, irreversibility, nonfunctionality, causality

Question 2

what did nagy say about children understanding of death

Answer 2

3-5 years: being “less alive”

5-9 years: final but avoidable

9+: a result of biological process that is final and inevitable

Question 3

at what age do children have a mature concept of death

Answer 3

9 years old

Question 4

how are children exposed to/ learn about death

Answer 4

Family, School/Peers, Religion, Mass media/ literature

Question 5

in the 1900s where did 80% of deaths occur

Answer 5

at home

Question 6

where do most deaths occur now

Answer 6

at the hospital

Question 7

how is the location of deaths occurring changing and why

Answer 7

at home because of increased use of hospice and other things to keep people at home

Question 8

what is the no one dies alone program

Answer 8

a volunteer sits with a person as they’re dying if they have no family or friends to be with them

Question 9

what is a hospital

Answer 9

a place to get medical treatment, usually on there for a short amount of time

Question 10

what is a nursing home

Answer 10

long-term residential care, where care is focused on daily activities of living

Question 11

what is a skilled nursing home

Answer 11

place with the highest level of medical care besides the hospital with a temporary stay

Question 12

what type of people usually go to a skilled nursing home

Answer 12

people transitioning out of the hospital or recovering from injuries/ illnesses

Question 13

what is hospice

Answer 13

program to provide comfort for a person who has less than 6 months to live

Question 14

what is an ombudsman

Answer 14

an advocate for residents of a facility

Question 15

what is the ideal caring model

Answer 15

patient is at the center and all aspects of the medical and personal team is working together

Question 16

what is the principle of symmetry in healthcare

Answer 16

balancing extending life and the quality of life

Question 17

what is age based rationing

Answer 17

rationing medical care based on age

Question 18

what are the principles to delivering a life-threatening diagnosis

Answer 18

1. Keep simple
2. Ask self, “what does this dx mean to the pt”
3. Get to know pt before presenting news
4. Wait for questions
5. Do not argue with denial
6. Ask questions yourself
7. Do not destroy all hope
8. Do not say anything untrue

Question 19

what is the sociological theory of suicide

Answer 19

suicide is caused by disturbance in ties between an individual and society

Question 20

what are the degrees of social integration and what do they mean

Answer 20

altruistic: high degree of social integration/ social connectedness
egotistic: low integration/ low belongingness

Question 21

what are the categories of altruistic suicide and what do they mean

Answer 21

hetero-induced: real threat
self-induced: no real threat or risk of death

Question 22

what are degrees of social regulation and what do they mean

Answer 22

anomic: major changes or highly stressful event
fatalistic: excessive social constraints, lack of freedom, absence of choice

Question 23

what are the types of suicides in the psychoanalytic model of suicide

Answer 23

Acute: suicidal crisis is relatively brief duration
Ambivalent: individual likely indecisive about ending life
Dyadic: often involves suicidal individual and significant other

Question 24

what are the ways suicidal intent can be expressed

Answer 24

verbal direct, verbal indirect, behavioral direct, behavioral indirect

Question 25

what is chronic suicide

Answer 25

a person destroying themselves by means of drugs, alcohol, smoking, reckless living

Question 26

what questions do ethicist try to answer

Answer 26

what is good, what is to be done

Question 27

what are the ethical principles

Answer 27

authonomy, beneficine, nonmaleficence, justice

Question 28

what do the ethical principles mean

Answer 28

Autonomy: respect a person's right to make their own decisions Beneficine: “do good”, provide benefits to persons and contribute to their welfare Nonmaleficence: “do no harm” Justice: treat others equitably

Question 29

what are the principles of informed consent

Answer 29

competence, freely, adequate understanding

Question 30

what do the principles of informed consent mean

Answer 30

Competence: patient must be competent to give consent Freely: consent must be given freely Adequate understanding: consent must be based on understanding of treatment, risks, benefits

Question 31

what was the outcome of the Karan Ann Quinlan case

Answer 31

requires that all hospitals, nursing homes and hospices have an ethic committee, led to the created of living wills (advance directive)

Question 32

what was the outcome of the Nancy Beth Cruzan case

Answer 32

states developed medical poxy laws and living wills

Question 33

what was the outcome of the Terri Schiavo case

Answer 33

exposed that death with dignity is not easy to get

Question 34

what is physician assisted death

Answer 34

physician provides patient with legal/lethal drugs, offers advice on methods of suicide, physician leaves because medicine is self-administered

Question 35

what is euthanaisa

Answer 35

deliberate act to end another person's life

Question 36

what are the general guidelines for euthanasia

Answer 36

terminal diagnosis, patient voluntarily consent and unwavering desire to die, patient finds suffering unbearable, documentation and reporting of death, second medical opinion (recommended not required)

Question 37

what is thanatology

Answer 37

the study of death

Question 38

what is a euphemism

Answer 38

mild or indirect word or expression substituted for one considered to be too harsh or blunt

Question 39

what are the expressions of death

Answer 39

music, literature, visual arts, humor

Question 40

who is more likely to attempt suicide

Answer 40

women

Question 41

who is more likely to commit suicide

Answer 41

men

Question 42

why is there a discrepancy between whos more likely to attempt and commit suicide

Answer 42

men use more lethal means

Question 43

I will shoot myself is a ( - Verbal direct - Verbal indirect - Behavioral direct - Behavioral indirect) expression of suicidal intent

Answer 43

verbal direct

Question 44

if a person is giving away their prized possessions that is a (blank) expression of suicidal intent

Answer 44

behavioral indirect

Question 45

what is the difference between euthanasia and physician assisted suicide

Answer 45

euthanasia is the person killing the other, physician assisted suicide is when the medication is self-administered

Question 46

what's the difference between palliative care and hospice

Answer 46

you have to give up treatment for hospice, palliative care you don't

Question 47

what is more expensive, cremation or traditional burial

Answer 47

traditional burial

Question 48

what word should you use for individuals older than 65

Answer 48

older adult

Question 49

what words should you avoid when discussing individuals 65 and older

Answer 49

senior, elder, elderly

Question 50

what is an example of a euphemism that pertains to the course

Answer 50

kicking the bucket, gone to glory

Question 51

what is the 5th component of a mature understanding of death

Answer 51

personal mortality (goes under universality)

Question 52

what is the criteria for hospice

Answer 52

6 months or less to live certified by a doctor, give up curative treatment, must have a caretaker

Question 53

where does hospice occur

Answer 53

anywhere

Question 54

is hospice a place of caring not a physical place

Answer 54

yes

Question 54

is rationing of health resources avoidable

Answer 54

no

Question 55

what is it called if government refuses to pay for life saving treatment for someone over a certain age

Answer 55

age-based rationing