Midterm Flashcards
(32 cards)
what were the intial reasons for the Ionian Rebellion?
- Achaemenid Persian expansion toward Athens
- Ionia Greek speaking under control of Persian king
exp. late 7th to early 5th c. BCE
what was Athenian Gov’t like before the Ionion Rebellion?
tyranny overthrown in favour of democracy
later leads to formation of Delian League
what was the result of the Ionian Revolt?
- Persians won after Athens withdrew
- Ionians reduced to slavery for 3rd time
- Persians burned Miletos down
Miletos = birthplace of the rebellion
what was Athenian mentality like after the destruction of Miletos?
- some thought to accept kings terms
- would mean tyranny for Athens (again)
who was Themistokles?
- elected archon (pro-war faction)
- convinced assembly to move navel base to Piraeus (port)
- Athenian democratic wing
- enforced tribute in early years of the Delian League
why was the Greek League established?
est. 481 BCE
- free Greeks under Persian rule in Aegean & Asia Minor
- symmachia = offensive & defensive alliance (defend other members)
what did the origins of the Greek League look like?
- Sparta as hegemon (leader)
- Council of the Greeks (31 members)
council of the greeks: policy made by common consent of member state
what did the early days of tribute in the Delian League look like?
- Aristeides selected to asses what each ally should pay (478/7)
- allies paid a total of between 460-560 talents
- Athenian leadership
how was tribute received?
- allies wanted tribute bc it’s calculated according to public revenue
- cost-benefit analysis (Kimon’s idea to prefer money over ships)
keeping a trireme at sea in the summer = expensive
what were tribute quota lists?
- list of names of member-poleis & what they owed
- 1/60th of what they pay per year = Athena’s share
- allies bring tribute to Greater Dionysia Festival in March (City Dionysia)
Delian League treasury moved to Athens (454/3)
what were tribute re-assessment lists?
- athens re-assessed tribute every 4 years
- notice given to citizens before the Great Panathenaian (Athenian festival)
Great Panthenaia: festival to honour patron Athena every 4 years
who was Miltiades the Younger?
- athenian friend of the Peisistradids (tyrant family)
- Persian-supported tyrant in Thrace
- joined Ionian Rebellion after fallout w/ Persians
- emerges as leading Athenian during Greco-Persian conflict
who was Hippias?
- former tyrant of Athens (exiled)
- sought refuge in Persia
- Persians want him reappointed as tyrant when they take over Athens
what was the result of the Greco-Persian War of 490 BCE?
- first invasion ends w/ Greek victory at Battle of Marathon
- defeat of Spartans at Thermopylae during second invasion
- second invasions end w/ Persian defeat at battles of Salamis & Plataea
what was the impact of Greek victory at Marathon?
- victory for hoplites
- affirmation of Athenian democracy
- Persians now seem as beatable
- victory for freedom/autonomy of Athenians
defeat would have meant slavery for Athens
what was the state of the Athenian Navy by 490 BCE?
- small fleet of triremes
- navel base in Pireaus
- wanted to take control of the sea
control of sea = more ships = more rowers (jobs)
what happened at the Greek League assembly at Samos?
- Samos, Khios, & Lesbos admitted into Greek League
- allies decide to protect Ionian homelands rather than move them to mainland Greece
who was Pausanias?
- Spartan commander
- treated the Greeks as inferior beings
- Greeks (esp. Ionians) found him burdensome
what led to the fall of Pausanias?
- Ionians didn’t want another tyrant
- Ionians rammed ships in Pausanias’ trireme
- Spartans embarrased → put him on trial for tyranny
Ionians asked Athenians to take over leadership
who was Aristides?
- active member of Greek League
- gained the favour of the Ionians
- elected general (478/7)
- general in Greek League against the Persians
represents oligarchic wing of Athenian political landscape
what was Athenian aggression?
Athens seeking to increase its influence
- formation of the Delian League
- the destruction of Sardis
Spartan foreign policy
- preferred short/decisive campaigns
- suspicious of Athenian navy
- avoid prolonged involvement in wars
- strained relationship with allies bc of Pausanias
what was the purpose of the Delian League?
- wanted revenge on the Persian king
- Mytilenean speech (initially Athenian allies)
- Camarinian speech (alliance of Ionians & others ethnically connected w/ Athens)
Athens first allies w/ Miletos after Spartans abandoned Ionians
what was the structure of the Delian League like?
- common friends & enemies
- League meetings & treasury at Delos
- treasurers (hellenotamiai) collect tribute
- eternal alliance
- autonomy of member states
common meetings seen as a symbol for the freedom of the allies
