MIDTERM Flashcards
(122 cards)
1
Q
Reasons for exploration?
A
God, Glory, Gold, and Asian spice trade
2
Q
What is mercantilism?
A
Raw materials of the Colonial country that could increase wealth of the Mother Country
3
Q
When was Jamestown founded?
A
1607
4
Q
Why was Jamestown founded?
A
To make money
5
Q
What happened to Jamestown because of their lack of preperation?
A
Because they had no skill, lots of disease came and many died
6
Q
What did John Smith do?
A
Got Jamestown out of the starving time with his leadership
7
Q
What did John Rolfe do?
A
Introduced a tabaco that sold well in England
8
Q
What were the colonists looking for at Jamestown?
A
Gold, they did not find any
9
Q
What was the first attempt at self government?
A
Mayflower compact
10
Q
When was the Mayflower compact?
A
1620
11
Q
What did the Mayflower compact try to do?
A
Keep peace, establish a majority rule self government
12
Q
How is the Mayflower compact reflected in the American government today?
A
It creates a base for the representative government in America
13
Q
What was the Virginia House of Burgesses?
A
A representative government where land owner white men could elect representatives. It was the 1st rep. govt. in the colonies
14
Q
What were the Fundamental Orders of Connecticut?
A
First written constitution in the colonies. Outlined powers of the general court & allowed non-church member men to vote. It contributed to the growth of a rep. govt.
15
Q
New England Colonies
A
Rhode Island, Connecticut, Massachusetts, New Hampshire
16
Q
Climate/soil in NE
A
Harsh climate/Long winters and rocky soil
17
Q
Types of agriculture & other industries in NE
A
Subsistence farming, fishing, shipbuilding, timer
18
Q
Role of slavery in NE
A
Little demand because not many farms, 3% of population
19
Q
Middle colonies
A
New York, Delaware, New Jersey, Pensylvania
20
Q
Soil/climate in Middle colonies
A
Moderate climate, fertile soil
21
Q
Types of agriculture of Middle colonies
A
Stable crops, also raised livestock, based on farming and trade
22
Q
Nickname for Middle Colonies
A
Breadbasket colonies
23
Q
Role of slavery in Middle colonies
A
Apposed slavery, fair treatment of everyone (Quakers), 7% of pop
24
Q
Cash crops in the Middle Colonies
A
Wheat, Barley, & Oats
25
Southern colonies
Maryland, Georgia, Virginia, North Carolina and South Carolina
26
Climate/Soil in Southern colonies
Mild climate (year round growing season), and fertile soil
27
Agriculture in Southern colonies
Exported materials, some trading, farming, plantations, and some small sufficient farms
28
Cash crops in the Southern colonies
Tabaco, rice, indigo
29
Role of slavery in the southern colonies
Large role, 40% of pop
30
What group of colonies is Rhode Island in?
New England
31
What group of colonies is New York in?
Middle colonies
32
What group of colonies is Connecticut in?
New England
33
What group of colonies is Maryland in?
Southern colonies
34
What group of colonies is Massachusetts in?
New England
35
What group of colonies is New Hampshire in?
New England
36
What group of colonies is Delaware in?
Middle Colonies
37
What group of colonies is New Jersey in?
Middle Colonies
38
What group of colonies is Pennsylvania in?
Middle colonies
39
What group of colonies is Georgia in?
Southern colonies
40
What group of colonies is Virginia in?
Southern colonies
41
What group of colonies are the Carolinas in?
Southern colonies
42
Massachusetts - founders, reason for founding and role of religion in lifestyle & politics
Pilgrims and Puritans, Religious freedom from the Catholic Church but did not give it. Strictly followed old testament teachings, very strict. Rep. Govt. through church members.
43
Rhode Island founders and reason for founding
Roger Williams and Anna Hutchinson, Forced to leave Massachusetts for disagreeing with puritans. Came for religious and political freedom
44
Pennsylvania - founder, reason for founding, influence of religion on lifestyle and politics
William Penn, safe place for Quakers, very peaceful and friendly. Came for religious freedom, had a rep. govt. and opposed slavery.
45
Maryland - founder, reason for founding
Lord Baltimore, refuge for England Catholics. Toleration Act was passed allowing all Christians
46
Georgia - founder, and reasons for founding
James Oglethorpe, shield GB colonies from Spain (Florida) and to give debtors from England a new start. Military outpost by English govt.
47
Magna Carta
1215 - 1st document to limit power to the king. Gave more rights to people
48
English Bill of Rights
Limited power to the king - gave Parliament more power than the king
49
Parliament
English government. Helped represent people, but some were born into position
50
John Locke
People were born with natural born rights (Life, liberty, property)
51
Enlightenment
Movement that reason and logic could improve society
52
Great Awakening
Religious movement - encouraged equality and right to question authority
53
John Peter Zenger
His trial helped established the right to Freedom of Press
54
Triangular Trade
Trade of goods and slaves between America, Britain, and Africa
55
Albany Plan of Union - author, purpose, slogan
Benjamin Franklin, unite colonies, "Join or die"
55
Causes/ Effects of the French and Indian War
British wanted the Ohio River Valley, but the French and Indians used it for the fur trade. British won but was in debt - no more Salutary Neglect
56
Treaty of Paris 1763
Britain - Canada, land east of Mississippi, border at Florida
Spain - Land west of Mississippi
France - Kicked out
57
Proclamation of 1763
Settlers couldn't move on Native Lands, Ohio River Valley - No more salutary neglect
58
Economy After War
Lots of debt, colonies forced to pay taxes (tea)
59
Boston Massacre
1770 - Fight between soldier and colonist -> Soldiers fired into crowd, killing 5 people
60
Crispus Attucks
First-person dead at Boston Massacre
61
Sugar Act
Duties on molasses and sugar imports
62
Quartering Act
Required colonists to house soldiers
63
Stamp Act
Tax on all paper products
64
Sons of Liberty - Purpose and form of protest
Secret Society - protest taxes from Parliament, boycott, tar and feathering/ most protests were non-violent
65
Samuel Adams
Leader of Sons of Liberty
66
John Adam's role in Boston Massacre
Defended soldiers (proved innocence)
67
Townshend Acts
Duties on glass, lead, paint, paper, tea/ passed writs of assistance - allowed British to search people for products
68
Tea Act
Gave the British East India Company a monopoly on all tea imports
69
Boston Tea Party
Colonists dressed as Natives dumped three crate full ships of tea into the harbor - civil disobedience
70
Intolerable acts
Punish Boston colonists - closed harbor - charter canceled - stronger quartering act - official sent to Britain for trial - banned committees of corispondence
71
Who said "No taxation without Representation"?
Patrick Henry
72
First Continental Congress
1787, in response to intolerable acts; ban all trade with Britain, send declaration of rights, train militia
73
Who wrote Common Sense?
Thomas Paine
74
Common Sense
convince colonists independence was common sense
75
Patrick Henry Quote
"Give me liberty or give me death"
76
Significance of Battles of Lexington and Concord
First shot and battles of Revolution
77
Olive branch petition
Last chance at peace - Rejected
78
Declaration of Independence - date, author, reason
July 4, 1776; Thomas Jefferson; Independence from Britain
79
Unalienable rights
life, liberty, pursuit of happiness
80
Advantages of Continental Army (4)
Better leadership, knowledge of land, foreign aid, more motivation
81
Disadvantages of Continental Army (3)
Untrained and small army, less supplies, not everyone were patriots
82
Mercy Otis Warren
Political writer and poet for patriots
83
Abigail Adams
Tried to add womens rights to declaration - failed, organized groups to assist families in need
84
George Washington
Commander of Continental army
85
Marquis de Lafayette
Lead French troops in battle of Yorktown
86
John Hancock
Raised money, organized navy, secured troops, 1st to sign decleration
87
Benjamin Franklin
Sent to France to covince France to ally
88
James Armistead
Informed patriots of British movements, fed british false info
89
Battle of Saratoga
Turning point - France became an ally
90
Valley Forge
Struggle for Continental army - proved determination
91
Guerilla warfare
Hide and attack fast - native american style - used in south
92
Battle of Yorktown
Last major battle of Revolution
93
Treaty of Paris 1783
- british recognized independence - new borders, Mississippi, Canada, Florida - Right to go west
94
Strengths of the Articles of Confederation (3)
- won war - Treaty of Paris - Northwest Ordiance
95
Weaknesses of Articles (5)
- no foreign respect - states acted like 13 nations - only 1 branch - national gov to weak - war debt
96
Northwest Ordinance
The national gov could sell off land to pay for debt/ requirements for territories to become states
97
Constitutional Convention
Summer of 1787, discuss weakness of articles and strengthen national gov
98
Great Compromise
Two house congress - one based on population/ 1 equal representation
99
3/5 Compromise
3/5 of slave population would count for representation and taxes
100
Anti - Federalist Beliefs
Opposed Constitution: felt it gave too much power to national gov, needed bill of rights
101
Federalist Beliefs
Supported constitution: strong national gov and a good balance of Federalism
102
Federalist Papers - authors and purpose
Alexander Hamilton, James Madison, John Jay - convince people to ratify constitution
103
Popular Sovereignty
Government gets power from the people
104
Republicanism
People elect reps to govern
105
Federalism
Power divided between state and national gov
106
Separation of Powers
Division of gov into 3 branches
107
Checks and Balances
Each branch could exercise control over others
108
Limited Government
Gov must obey laws
109
Individual Rights
Rights that can't be taken, and the gov must protect
110
Purpose of amending Constitution
Ensure it remains flexible as America changes
111
Bill of Rights
Protect individual rights
112
1st amendment
RAPPS - Freedom of religion, assembly, press, petition, and speech
113
2nd amendment
right to bear arms (guns)
114
3rd amendment
no quartering of troops
115
4th amendment
No unreasonable search or seizure
116
5th amendment
due process (fair trial), grand jury, no double jeopardy, can't take property without payment, remain silent
117
6th amendment
speedy trial, right to an attorney
118
7th amendment
right to a trial by jury in civil cases
119
8th amendment
no excessive bail and cruel or unusual punishment
120
9th amendment
more rights than listed
121
10th amendment
Powers not given to the federal gov are reserved for states
