Midterm

Question 1

Veto

Answer 1

Consuls and Tribunes held the veto power to prevent one person gaining too much power

Question 2

Patrician

Answer 2

The rich

In the early Republic, only they could serve in office, the Senate, and religious positions

Question 3

Attalids

Answer 3

Rulers of Pergamum, allies to Rome

Fought against Macedon in the First Macedonian War

Called on Rome to fight against Macedon in Second Macedonian War

Support Romans in Syrian War, got a lot of territory

Denounced Perseus of Macedon (Third War)

Attalus II died and bequeathed his kingdom to Rome

Question 4

Quaestor

Answer 4

“Treasurers”

Question 5

Equites

Answer 5

A “middle class” of sorts, those who could afford to be cavalrymen in war

Question 6

Munera

Answer 6

Public works and games paid for by the wealthy

Main way of gaining support prior to the rise of populists who pushed through legislation

Question 7

Tribune of the Plebs

Answer 7

Established during the Conflict of the Orders, gave the Plebs more political power

“Inactive” until the mid 2nd century BCE, when tribunes began to utilize its powers more

Began an alternative to the traditional cursus honorum

Question 8

Pydna

Answer 8

Roman victory in Third Macedonian War

Perseus defeated, Macedonia split into four puppet republics

Question 9

Augury

Answer 9

Bird watching to look for signs from the gods

Romulus and Remus partook in augury: Remus saw birds first, but Romulus saw more

Question 10

Cynoscephalae

Answer 10

Decisive Roman victory in Second Macedonian War

Army led by Titus Flamininus

Proved superiority of the Roman legion over the Macedonian phalanx

Question 11

Hannibal

Answer 11

Carthaginian general

Son of Hamilcar

Need I say more?

Question 12

Cannae

Answer 12

Hannibal’s greatest victory: ~70,000 Romans killed

Romans led by Gaius Varro and Lucius Paullus (Paullus died)

80 Senators killed, leading to men without magisterial experience joining the Senate

Following victory, many southern Italian cities defected to Hannibal

Question 13

Pergamum

Answer 13

City in western Anatolia

Ruled by Attalid’s

Roman ally

Question 14

Negotiatores

Question 15

Propraetor

Answer 15

Praetor with power extended following their term

Question 16

Provocatio

Question 17

Corvus

Answer 17

Roman addition to their ships during First Punic War

“Raven”

Turned sea battles into land battles

Question 18

Capitol

Question 19

Haruspicia

Answer 19

Divination with animal entrails

Question 20

Quaestiones

Question 21

Mamertines

Answer 21

Campanian mercenaries who took the city of Messene

After defeat by Hiero of Syracuse, different factions in the group called on the Romans and Carthaginians for aid

Question 22

Ager Publicus

Answer 22

Public land

Supposed to be shared, but eventually came to be dominated by elite

Each Roman supposed to have only 500 iugera (125 hectares)

Question 23

Rex

Answer 23

King

Question 24

Comitia Centuriata

Answer 24

Assembly that elected Consuls, Praetors etc.

Question 25

Antigonid

Answer 25

Ruling dynasty of Macedon Philip V major enemy of Rome

Question 26

Capua

Answer 26

Major city in southern Italy Joined Rome willingly prior to First Samnite War Later joined Hannibal after Cannae, retaken by Rome and depopulated, resettled with Romans

Question 27

Cato the Elder

Answer 27

Roman statesman “Carthago delenda est”

Question 28

Gens

Answer 28

Larger “clan” of a Roman Nomen

Question 29

Tarquinius Superbus

Answer 29

Last King of Rome “Tarquin the Proud” Married daughter of Servius Tullius, and together they overthrew him Following a relative raping Lucretia, Tarquinius refused to hold them accountable, leading to revolt Tarquinius flees to Lars Porsena, King of Clusium

Question 30

Dignitas

Question 31

Zama

Answer 31

Decisive battle of the Second Punic War Scipio Africanus defeated Hannibal

Question 32

Fabius Maximus

Answer 32

Dictator following defeat at Lake Trasimene Strategy of avoiding battle against Hannibal, largely unpopular, but a good choice

Question 33

Struggle of the Orders

Answer 33

Long period where Plebs achieved more rights Plebs had very little political power in the early Republic Successions of the Plebs - Plebs threatened to found their own city Tribuneship, Concilium Plebis XII Tables codified Roman law, but not the victory for the Plebs the Romans portrayed it as, since most couldn’t read Licinian-Sextian Laws, mid fourth century, allowed the Pleb to be Consuls Genucian Law a few decades later made it so one Consul HAD to be a Pleb

Question 34

Consul suffectus

Answer 34

Consul that takes power in middle of year after death of normal consul

Question 35

Romulus

Answer 35

Legendary founder of Rome, traditionally in 753 BCE A Son of Rhea Silvia, raised by herdsman and his wife Puts former king back on throne of Alba Longa Founds Roma after killing Remus

Question 36

Capitoline Triad

Answer 36

Jupiter, Juno, Minerva

Question 37

Legate

Answer 37

Senatorial representative Gaius Laenus, a Senatorial Legate, turned back Antiochus IV’s invasion of Egypt

Question 38

Samnites

Answer 38

Rural people in central Italy Loose military confederacy, no city states like the Latins or Greeks Pagus (village) centre of life, ruled by magistrates Pagi grouped into tribes, though each pagus largely autonomous Fought three wars with the Romans in the fourth and third centuries

Question 39

Hegemony

Question 40

Licinian-Sextian Laws

Answer 40

267 BCE Two Tribunes: Gaius Stolo and Lucius Lateranus Opened up the Consulship to Plebs

Question 41

Mos maiorum

Question 42

Toga praetextus

Answer 42

Toga work by Consuls

Question 43

Cursus honorum

Answer 43

“Course of honours” Basically the hierarchy of offices one had to climb Censors, Consuls, Praetors, Aediles, Quaestors Became less rigid in the late Republic

Question 44

Veii

Answer 44

Etruscan city near Rome, the two fought for control of the Tiber Conquest of Veii in late 5th/early 4th centuries Multi year siege leading to first legionary pay, as soldiers could not return home for the harvests City fell 396, destroyed and repopulated with Roman citizens Marcus Camillus, who oversaw the fall, awarded one of the first triumphs

Question 45

Aedile

Answer 45

Civic duties like festivals and infrastructure Assisted higher offices

Question 46

Triumph

Answer 46

Granted by the Senate after a great victory - 5000 enemy killed and the commander killed or captured Only time Roman soldiers could enter Rome armed

Question 47

Carthage

Answer 47

Lots of stuff lol

Question 48

Ptolomaic

Answer 48

Greek dynasty in Egypt following the death of Alexander the Great

Question 49

Plebeian

Answer 49

Lower class of Rome

Question 50

Fasces

Answer 50

Bundle of sticks and an axe, carried by Lictors around Consuls

Question 51

Censor

Answer 51

Two elected every five years by the Comitia Centuriata Only open to former Consuls - top of the Cursus Honorum Complies the Roman census Determined voting order in assemblies, military rank, based on wealth Issued nota to perceived immoral citizens which removed participatory rights Also selected and removed Senators

Question 52

Lictors

Answer 52

Carries the Fasces around Consuls

Question 53

Seleucid

Answer 53

Dynasty based in Syria that conquered much of Anatolia as well Defeated by Rome in the Syrian War under reign of Antiochus III The Great King Antiochus IV turned back by Roman legate during attempted invasion of Egypt

Question 54

Livy

Answer 54

Lived in the first century CE Wrote Roman history from the beginning to his day Ab Urbe Condita - From the Foundations of the City

Question 55

Imperator

Question 56

Proconsul

Answer 56

Consuls with extended powers past end of term

Question 57

Provincia

Answer 57

First one Sicily, followed by Sardinia & Corsica Praetor assigned to each province each year

Question 58

Pontifex

Answer 58

Highest priests in Rome

Question 59

Concilium Plebis

Question 60

Lictors

Question 61

Cincinnatus

Question 62

Servius Tullius

Question 63

Consul

Question 64

Capite censi

Question 65

Magister Equitum

Question 66

Scipio Aemilianus

Question 67

Forum

Question 68

Legion

Question 69

Pyrrhus

Question 70

Scipio Africanus

Question 71

Publicani

Question 72

Pomerium

Question 73

Plebiscitum

Question 74

Plebiscite

Question 75

Senatus Consultum

Question 76

Latifundia

Question 77

Prorogation

Question 78

Lex Agraria

Question 79

Perpetuae

Question 80

Dictator

Question 81

Lex Hortensia

Question 82

Tarentum

Question 83

Praetor

Question 84

Imperium

Question 85

Dilectus

Question 86

Campus Martius

Question 87

Polybius

Question 88

Paterfamilia

Question 89

Caecus

Question 90

Cunctator

Question 91

Patres conscripti

Question 92

Lex

Question 93

Appius Claudius

Question 94

Census

Question 95

Tiberius Gracchus

Question 96

Intercessio

Question 97

Ius Latinum

Question 98

M. Octavius

Question 99

Saguntum

Question 100

Tribus