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Dysphagia > Midterm > Flashcards

Midterm Flashcards

(48 cards)

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1
Q

What is the primary muscle for velar elevation?

A

Levator Veli Palatini

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2
Q

Which is not a suprahyoid muscle?
Mylohyoid
Geniohyoid
Digastric
Salpingopharyngeus

A

Salpingopharyngeus

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3
Q

During breathing, the cricopharyngeus muscles (UES) is _____.

A

Closed and relaxed

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4
Q

Which area is a common site for residue?

A

Valleculae and Piriform sinuses

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5
Q

During swallowing, the airway is ___ and the UES is _____.

A

Closed/Open

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6
Q

Which muscle contributes to pharyngeal shortening during swallowing?
Stylohyoid
Genioglossus
Mylohyoid
palatopharyngeus

A

Palatopharyngeus

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7
Q

Which of the following is not considered a reliable symptom of overt aspiration?
Coughing
Choking
Throat clear
Runny nose

A

Runny nose

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8
Q

Regarding the aerodigestive tract, which of the following is considered true?

During breathing the nasopharyngeal port is sealed.
During swallowing the nasopharyngeal port is sealed.
During swallowing, the UES is contracted.
During Swallowing, the oropharyngeal port is open.

A

During swallowing the nasopharyngeal port is sealed.

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9
Q

Define penetration.

A

Penetration occurs when food or liquid enters the laryngeal vestibule.

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10
Q

Define aspiration.

A

Aspiration occurs when food or liquid falls below the level of the vocal folds.

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11
Q

List the structures included in the larynx.

A
  • Epiglottis
  • Arytenoids
  • Thyroid
  • Cricoid
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12
Q

To assess the function of CN XII, which task would you ask the patient to perform?

A. Rouding and retraction of the lips
B. squinting of the eyes
C. Shrugging of shoulders
D. Pushing tongue against the inside of cheek.

A

Pushing tongue against the inside of cheek.

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13
Q

List the structures included in the hyolaryngeal complex.

A
  • Epiglottis
  • Arytenoids
  • Thyroid
  • Cricoid
  • Hyoid
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14
Q

Define mastication.

A

Involved with bolus preparation (chewing).

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15
Q

Define deglutition.

A

The process of swallowing.

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16
Q

Define dysphagia.

A

Disorder in swallowing.

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17
Q

Define feeding.

A

Bringing food to the mouth.

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18
Q

When breathing, the airway is open and the esophagus is _____.

A

Closed

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19
Q

When swallowing, breathing stops and the airway is ____ and the esophagus is _____.

A

Closed/Open

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20
Q

List some complications of dysphagia.

Study These Flashcards
A
  • Aspiration Pneumonia
  • Malnutrition
  • Dehydration
21
Q

List the signs of aspiration.

Study These Flashcards
A
  • Coughing
  • Food feeling ‘stuck in the throat’
  • ‘Wet’ vocal quality
  • Choking
  • The patient complains of swallowing difficulties and/or pain.
22
Q

Who is at risk for dysphagia?

Study These Flashcards
A
  • Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)
  • Neurological diseases: Stroke, TBI, Degenerative diseases
  • Dementia
  • Laryngeal cancer
  • Cognitive heart disease
23
Q

Who is at risk for pneumonia aspiration?

Study These Flashcards
A
  • People with poor oral care
  • People who take multiple medications
  • People with multiple comorbidities
  • Tube feeding
  • Smokers
  • COPD
  • Cognitive heart disease
24
Q

True or False: Aspiration does NOT put someone at high risk for aspiration pneumonia.

25
what is the difference between mature and pediatric larynx?
* In the larynx, the infant is seated higher in the pharynx as compared to adults. The epiglottis may make direct contact with the palate in some cases due to high laryngeal positioning * The larynx lies between the first and third cervical vertebrae in infants and young children. * The epiglottis has more contact with the base of the tongue in infants and children
26
What are the recommended assessments listed under the case history?
* Fluoroscopy * Endoscopy
27
What are the guiding principles during CSE for a pediatric patient?
* Structured meal times * Positive mealtime experiences * Easy feeding transitions * Eating is a comforting/stress-free task * Achievement of feeding milestones
28
What are the best predictors of aspiration pneumonia?
* Dependent on feeding * Dependent for oral care * Number of decayed teeth * Tube feeding * More than one medical diagnosis * Number of medications * Smoking | Dysphagia was concluded to be an important risk for aspiration pneumonia
29
List the extrinsic muscles of the tongue.
* Geniohyoidus * Genioglossus * Hyoglossus * Styloglossus
30
What structures comprise the posterior sling (Hyolaryngeal elevation)?
* Long pharyngeal muscles * Salpingopharyngeus
31
What structures comprise the anterior sling?
* Suprahyoids
32
List the muscles of mastication.
* Temporalis * Masseter * Medial pterygoid * Lateral pterygoid * Anterior digastric * Mylohyoid
33
What are the four stages of swallowing?
* Oral preparatory * Oral transport * Pharyngeal stage * Esophageal stage
34
How is the larynx protected from aspiration?
* Larynx is elevated * Pharynx is shortened * Epiglottis inverts over the larynx * Vocal fold closure * Arytenoids go inward and make contact with the epiglottis * The larynx tucks under the base of the tongue * UES relaxes and is open
35
During swallowing, which ports are closed and which are open?
* Oropharyngeal port closes * Velopharyngeal port closes * The larynx is closed off
36
During breathing, which ports are open and which are closed?
* The oropharyngeal port is open * The velopharyngeal port is open * Larynx is open * UES is contracted and closed
37
What factors are important in the opening of UES?
* Relaxation of the cricopharyngeus muscle * Elevation of the hyolaryngeal complex * Pressure from the bolus
38
Why does residue occur in the valleculae?
* Reduced laryngeal elevation * Reduced tongue-based retraction * Reduced pharyngeal squeeze
39
What is the role of the Trigeminal CN V during swallowing?
Chewing
40
What is the role of the Facial CN VII during swallowing?
Controls facial muscle involved in chewing (buccinator) & taste (salivary glands)
41
What is the role of the Glossopharyngeal CN IX during swallowing?
Controls salivary glands
42
What is the role of the Vagus CN X during swallowing?
Cough response/gag reflex
43
What is the role of the Hypoglossal CN XII during swallowing?
Tongue movement
44
True or False: Epiglottis is a cartilage so its movement is passive
True
45
What is the purpose of a screener?
- identify areas of difficulty - help determine presence or absense of aspiration - simple, quick, easter to administer
46
What does the palatoglosses do?
elevates the tongue during swallowing
47
List two facial muscles that are imprtant in the oral phase
-Orbicularis Oris- Muscles of the lip help prevent anterior spillage - Buccinator- helps to prevent food from pocketing in the buccal cavities
48
List pharyngeal muscles and what do they do?
- helps to elevate the larynx and shorten the pharynx, these include the palatopharyngeus, stylopharyngeus, Salpinopharyngeus

Dysphagia (1 decks)

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