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Com 107 > midterm > Flashcards

midterm Flashcards

1
Q

Libel

A

Refers to defamatory statements that are expressed in written or printed form

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2
Q

Slander

A

Spoken or orally expressed including verbal remarks, speeches, interviews, radio broadcasts and more

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3
Q

When can you sue private individuals?

A

If the public statement was false, Damages were incurred, or if the publisher/broadcaster was negligent

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4
Q

When can you sue Public figures?

A

When they demonstrate actual malice

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5
Q

Actual malice

A

Knowledge of falsehood with reckless disregard of whether or not it was false

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6
Q

What must be shown for speech to be unlawful?

A

Intent, imminence, likelihood

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7
Q

Copyright

A

Legal registration of an expression of an idea

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8
Q

Is copyright protected by the first amendment?

A

No

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9
Q

A work is considered obscene if

A

Average person, applying community standards, find work appeals to sexual interests, work depicts in a patently offensive way, sexual conduct, of excretory functions, Work taken as a whole lacks serious literary, artistic, political, or scientific value

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10
Q

Journalism

A

Process by which REPORTERS find and present information of public importance to citizens

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11
Q

News

A

Content produced by journalism

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12
Q

Journalism relies on what policy

A

Libertarian policy

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13
Q

What is the libertarian policy

A

Idea that information should be free to circulate but often works under the social responsibility theory to do it in public interest

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14
Q

News as a commodity

A

Most News producers in the US are for profit (economics impact the process)

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15
Q

Normative model of Journalism

A

Journalism should try to present info as objectively as possible: Intent is to inform

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16
Q

Advocacy model of Journalism

A

Abandons objectivity in favor of a perspective

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17
Q

Op-Ed

A

Commentary or piece intended to persuade

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18
Q

Social system level

A

Refers to the symoblic frameworks of norms, values, and beliefs that reside at the societal level.

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19
Q

Social institution level

A

Refers to the norms, individuals, and organizations that operate outside a give journalistic organization

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20
Q

Organizational level of influence

A

Refers to the policies, unwritten rules, and economic imperatives within journalistic organizations

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21
Q

Individual level of influence

A

Belief that journalists slant news in favor of their own beliefs

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22
Q

Agenda setting

A

The idea that the media controls what you really think about (I.E news stopped talking about Cali wildfires even though they haven’t stopped and people act like they did)

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23
Q

Framing

A

Which narratives/aspects of a story are prominent and which get downplayed or ignored (Branding a topic)

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24
Q

How was segregation framed in the south?

A

Natural and acceptable

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25
Gunnar Myrdal
Swedish Economist who studied and showed that Separate but equal was not actually equal
26
What happened in 1948?
Harry Truman de-segregated the military
27
What happened in 1954?
Brown v Board of education
28
What was Brown v Board of education?
Ruled separate but equal unconstitutional and helped put segregation high on the media's agenda nationally
29
Emmet Till's murder
Press highlighted reality of segregation for a national audience
30
What was MLK's four step strategy
1. Non violent Demonstrations 2. Allow violence to be used against them and have journalists capture it 3. Good Americans demand federal intervention with the journalists keeping the story on the media's agenda 4. President and congress pass legislation to be enforced by the judiciary
31
Where was the four step strategy used
Bus boycott, lunch counter protests, freedom riders, and voting right marches
32
Bloody sunday
Peaceful protestors march for the right to vote and were met by police brutality
33
John Milton's Aeropagitica
All ideas should be allowed to circulate in free society, People should have access to all ideas, In a free society the truth will emerge eventually and society will be better off this way
34
Libertarian theory means
Government cannot control speech, Publishers can choose what they want to publish, Even the worst types of speech are available to the public, and that the best way to combat speech is by more speech
35
First amendment covers
Government cannot prevent/punish speech, Government=any public official or rep, Except under very limited circumstances when government has a compelling interest
36
First amendment does NOT cover
Private entity's preventing/punishing speech
37
Hutchins commission
Media have a social responsibility to consider the overall public interest and act as a check in on all powerful institutions
38
Muybridge
First to project moving pictures
39
Edison
First person to receive us copyright for an identifiable motion picture
40
Lumiere brotheres
Inventors of the cinematograph
41
Edison Trust (1908-1917)
Thomas Edison joined other foreign firms to form the motion picture patents company known as the trust
42
What was the independent rebellion
Studios refusing trust terms fled to Cuba, Florida, and eventually Hollywood
43
Adolph Zukor
Paramount CEO. Built a vertically integrated studio system outside of trust control
44
William Fox
Fox Studios founder. Filed 1915 anti trust lawsuit. Trust was ruled a monopoly in 1917.
45
Star system
Curating an actors career while also restricting them via contract
46
Block Booking
Forced theatres to take B movies to have A movies
47
Hays Code
Banned things such as profanity, homosexuality, interracial relationships, sympathy towards criminals
48
Hays code was replaced by what?
MPAA
49
What does the MPAA focus more on, Ratings or Censorship?
Ratings
50
What era was 1948-1975
Era of competition
51
What happened in 1948
US v Paramount
52
Why were studios sued by independent theatres
Monopoly practices
53
Scotus ruled what?
Block booking was an unfair trade practice
54
1950's were the rise of what?
TV
55
Deontological ethics
Rule Based
56
Teleological ethics (Utilitarianism)
Results based
57
What do you do when a situation pops up that threatens an organizations image?
1. Define the problem 2. Determine the goal and strategy 3. Devise tactics to implement strategy
58
Escapism
Desire to leave real world problems and disappear into another world
59
What are the three uses of media to escape
Escape the problem itself (avoidance), Avoid emotional pain (Mood management), Maintain the illusion that the problem has been solved (wishful fantasizing)
60
U & G's assumptions
1. Media is goal oriented and motivated 2. Media users are relatively active participants who select media that best fulfill their needs
61
Pleasure principle
The notion that people are motivated to maximize pleasure and minimize pain
62
Para-social relationship
Perceived relationship between an individual and media characters

Com 107 (2 decks)

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