Midterm Flashcards by Emily Bennett

What are the 5 Cs shared in class that must be engaged concerning philosophy?

Critical Thinking, Communication, Collaboration, Creativity, Citizenship

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Contrast John Lynch and Willie Lynch as discussed in class.

John Lynch - founder of the city of Lynchburg; Willie Lynch - taught white slave owners what to do (wrote a letter

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Complete this statement by the philosopher, Plato: ‘We can easily forgive a child who is afraid of the dark: the real tragedy of life is…’

…afraid of the light

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What is a B.H.A.G.?

Big, hairy, audacious goal

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What does Socrates mean when he speaks of truth as a fugitive?

The nature of truth

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For Pythagoras, what was the greatest intellectual activity that one could engage in?

Math

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Zeno of Elea came up with or believe in paradoxes as statements that appear contrary to common sense but are in fact true?

FALSE

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Did the Pre-Socratic thinkers impact philosophy from 600 to 400 B.C.?

TRUE

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What is ecology?

Ecology is the study of the environment.

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Who was the favorite philosopher of Pericles?

Anaxagoras.

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List the twelve Pre-Socratic Philosophers.

Thales
Anaximander
Anaximenes
Pythagoras
Heraclitus
Parmenides
Zeno of Elea
Gorgias
Anaxagoras
Empedocles
Democritus
Protagoras.

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What did Thales say is the source of all things?

Water.

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What did Anaximander say is the source of all things?

Principle

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What did Anaximenes say is the source of all things?

Air.

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What did Pythagoras say is the source of all things?

Numbers.

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What did Heraclitus say is the source of all things?

Flux.

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What did Parmenides say is the source of all things?

No change essence.

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What did Zeno of Elea say is the source of all things?

Paradox.

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What did Gorgias say is the source of all things?

Nihilism.

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What did Anaxagoras say is the source of all things?

The sun.

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What did Empedocles say is the source of all things?

Earth, water, fire, air.

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What did Democritus say is the source of all things?

Atoms.

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What did Protagoras say is the source of all things?

Relativism.

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What are the three components of axiology as posited by Dr. James Coleman?

A. Ethics
B. Aesthetics
C. Political philosophy.

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List 5 branches of philosophy as asserted by Dr. James Coleman.

1. Axiology 2. Epistemology 3. Metaphysics 4. Ontology. 5.logic

What is Gorgias' notion of nihilism?

Nothing exists. If anything exists, it cannot be known. Cornel West questions established truths.

Define the term relativism as given by Protagoras.

Truth, morality, and knowledge are dependent on an individual perspective.

What was Martin Luther King, Jr's birth name and why did his name change?

His birth name was Michael. He changed it to Martin. Because his father was inspired by a black man.

Which Pre-Socratic philosopher combined the thoughts of Thales, Anaximander, and Anaximenes?

C) Empedocles.

What is logic?

Logic is the study of reasoning and argumentation.

'educare' is a Latin word that means to remain in ignorance.

FALSE.

Descartes say 'I THINK THEREFORE I AM NOT'?

FALSE.

What is etymology?

Etymology is the study of the root meaning of words.

What were the Pre-Socratic Philosophers concerned with?

metaphysics/cosmology.

Was Pythagoras a mathematician?

TRUE.

What is the great virtue of philosophy?

It teaches not what to think but how to think.

What is the name of the Divine Philosopher?

Pythagoras.

What major question did Thales raise?

What is the source of all things?

How did Anaximander disagree with his teacher?

He proposed that the apeiron was an indefinite, eternal, and indeterminate substance.

What did Socrates say about the examined life?

He said the examined life is not worth living.

What does the term 'Philo' mean?

Greek word meaning 'love'.

What does 'Sophia' mean?

Wisdom

What is the meaning of the word 'philosophy'?

The love of wisdom Philosophy combines 'Philo' (love) and 'Sophia' (wisdom).

How do you initiate philosophical thinking?

By raising a question.

Where did philosophy in the Western world begin?

Ancient Greece

Who is known as the Dark Philosopher?

Heraclitus

True or False: Thales, Anaximander, and Anaximenes are Ionian Naturalists who searched for answers about the nature of the universe.

TRUE

What is epistemology?

The study of knowledge and justified belief.

What does cosmology study?

The orderly Universe and its makeup

Who was Anaximander's teacher?

Thales

What did Socrates say about the beginning of philosophy?

"Philosophy begins in Wonder"

What major form of punctuation does philosophy address?

question mark

What does Axiology study?

The study of value

Fill in the blank: Matter possesses life or life is in the matter is associated with the meaning of which word? A. Apeiron B. Nihilism C. Relativism D. Hylozoism

Hylozoism

How did Howard Thurman compare philosophy?

To a clothesline; if it is sturdy, it will work, if not, success will be elusive.

What does the toolbox of the philosopher include?

Examining concepts, ideas, arguments, and beliefs.

What was the debate between the Ionian Naturalists about?

The nature of the cosmos and the fundamental substance or principle.

What was the debate between Heraclitus, Parmenides, and Zeno of Elea?

Change, reality, and the nature of being

How did Gorgias impact Protagoras' thought?

Through knowledge, truth, and language.

How does creativity relate to Zeno of Elea?

Through his innovative use of logic and paradox.

Raise a philosophical question of your own and state the branch of philosophy it addresses.

Examples could include ethics, metaphysics, epistemology, etc.

Explain why philosophy takes nothing for granted

Philosophers seek to questions assumptions and explore principles of knowledge

Which Pre-Socratic Philosopher discussed in class visited and learned from Egyptian culture?

Pythagoras

What philosopher did you select for your philosophy paper?

Lao-tzu The selection was made out of curiosity about a non-American philosopher.

Define the word leadership as discussed in class.

Directing others through wisdom.

What are the three parts of the soul that needed to be purified as argued by Pythagoras?

* desire * spirt * mind

Explain how the brain becomes a mind.

Raising a question.

What does the United Negro College Fund slogan 'A mind is a terrible thing to waste' mean?

The value of education and developing the mind.

Define apeiron.

The origin and fundamental substance of the universe.

What does the word 'philosophia' mean and why was this significant?

'Philosophia' means love of wisdom. It focuses on the pursuit of knowledge through reason and inquiry.

Compare and contrast metaphysics and ontology

They both relate to the study of nature. But metaphysics deals with essence and ontology relates to existence

Compare Heraclitus and Parmenides' views on reality.

Heraclitus - reality is in a state of constant change; Parmenides - reality is unchanging.

List five facts regarding environmental issues.

* Environmental justice * Access to clean water * Environmental sustainability movements * Impact on indigenous communities * Exposure to pollution

How did Anaximenes define the source of all things?

He proposed that air was the fundamental substance from which everything in the universe originated.

Why is truth often described as a fugitive in philosophy?

Because your constantly escaping human understanding

How did Anaxagoras contradict the Greek God Apollo?

By offering a naturalistic explanation for celestial phenomena.

Define the term 'mendacious'.

A lie.

Define the term 'veracity'.

The truth.

Midterm Flashcards

(78 cards)