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Ancient Greece > Midterm > Flashcards

Midterm Flashcards

1
Q

Herodotus

A

logograph who interviewed people and wrote down what he learned
485-430 BC
gullible in his testimonies

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2
Q

Thucydides

A

wrote history of the Peloponnesian War with emphasis on the reasons behind it
founded political realism
460-395 BC

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3
Q

Plutarch

A

priest at Delphi
recorded traditions about Greek history at the time he was alive

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4
Q

Linear B

A

script used on clay tablets in the 2nd millennium BC by Mycenaeans

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5
Q

Sir Arthur Evans

A

discovered the palace at Cnossus (Knossos)
significant discoveries in Minoan civilization

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6
Q

Schliemann

A

excavated Troy in late 1800s
excavated graves in Mycenae - found gold mask supposedly of King Agamemnon

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7
Q

ruins of Knossus had…

A

indoor plumbing and heated floors

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8
Q

cultural aspects of Minoan life

A

sailing, fishing, trade
bull jumping
female priests

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9
Q

Michael Ventris

A

discovered Linear B

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10
Q

what ended Minoan civilization

A

volcanic eruption and eventually being conquered by the Mycenaeans

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11
Q

liberation of Minoan women included

A

dancing
wearing makeup
elaborate clothing and hairstyling
jewelry

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12
Q

Phaistos disc

A

Linear A writing printed on both sizes

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13
Q

Mycenaean tombs

A

beehive style
shaft tombs with many people buried together

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14
Q

Lion Gate

A

enormous entrance to Mycenaean city

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15
Q

Megaron

A

center of the palace of the Mycenaeans, where the king lived

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16
Q

rhapsody

A

poetic chapter of a story

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17
Q

Homer background

A

from Ionia
allegedly blind
passed on his epic poems orally

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18
Q

oral tradition

A

tales were memorized by rhapsodes/bards and then performed
bards had several basic storylines and themes to include, and the story was usually improvised
plot elements changed a lot

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19
Q

dactylic hexameter

A

used in epic poetry

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20
Q

Trojan War timing

A

1150 BCE historically
800s BCE dated by Homer
unknown duration

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21
Q

Trojan War basics

A

cause - Helen, wife of Menelaus (sister in law of Agamemnon) was kidnapped by Paris of Troy
reason - Greece wanted to expand into Troy (Asia Minor)

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22
Q

kalos

A

being good looking

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23
Q

kagathos

A

being a good person

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24
Q

kakos

A

being a bad person
cowardly or unskilled at fighting

25
aristos
best - winning athletic competitions or other contests cunning, weaving, crafting, etc.
26
kleos
glory in battle or self-sacrifice
27
timē/timh
value, worth, respect, honor
28
basileus
king/ruler in Homeric society served as an intermediary between gods and mortals
29
ideals for women in Homeric society
intelligent good-looking brave good at weaving must be modest and chaste; promiscuity brought dishonor altho men could get away with it
30
Hesiod wrote...
sermonizing poetry lecturing the aristocrats "works and days"
31
agora
town gathering place
32
Sappho
we know who she is. my love
33
Sparta was distinct because the city had no...
walls
34
polis
city-state
35
poleis began to emerge in
750 BCE
36
government tiers in Sparta
1) assembly of free adult males 2) council of elders made up of 5 elected "ephors" 3) two kings presiding over the military
37
social groups in Sparta
citizens including land-owning families non-citizen free people working in commerce or industry helots
38
helots
low tier members of Spartan society - owned by the state and exploited for labor
39
Spartan boys joined the military at the age of
7
40
syssitia
dining with one's friends in the Spartan military each person (syssition) brought their own fixed amount of food
41
Spartan women
their health and fitness was important in order to give birth to strong men for the military could go outside, exercise, eat well and drink wine not much domestic labor (helots and slaves did it)
42
eunomia
used to describe Sparta - "governed by good laws" had less class strife than other city-states
43
Persians (basics)
mostly mercenaries extremely rich and lived luxuriously
44
events leading to the Persian War
Persia controlled Ionia - Greeks were already living there - Persian King Darius raised taxes - Ionians revolted - Persians crushed them
45
Battle of Eretria
Persians burned the city down, causing Athens to ask Sparta for help
46
Battle of Marathon
Sparta flaked phalanx formation allowed Athenians to win 25000 persians vs 10000 greeks forced the Persians to regroup
47
Darius invaded mainland greece...
Greeks came out of the hills and defeated the Persians in the valley
48
Pheidippides
ran from Athens to Marathon to share the victory over Darius' invasion
49
Athens amplified their ______ to defeat the Persians
navy they gained a total of 220 triremes
50
Xerxes did what
vowed revenge 10 years after Darius' efforts failed had repeated dreams of revenge
51
Battle of Thermopylae
Xerxes vs Leonides Xerxes had 180,000 men and the Spartans had 70,000 Persians won
52
Why did the Spartans lose the battle of thermopylae
Spartan traitor allowed the Persians to sneak around a mountain pass and attack from both sides 300 spartans stayed strong! and died! including Leonides
53
Themistocles & battle of Salamis
used Athenian triremes (nimble) to lure Persians into a narrow channel where they could not turn around, and then attacked Persians lost 400 ships; triremes punched holes in them
54
Oracle gave a prophecy to do what
build a "wooden wall" this turned out to be the new triremes
55
Battle of Plataea
largest Greek army ever mobilized Xerxes retreated to his water bridge (boats tied together) and then it got destroyed by a storm
56
final Persian War score
Greeks 3 (Marathon, Salamis, Plataea) Persia 2 (Ionia, Eretria, Thermopylae)
57
results of the Persian War in Greece
sense of unity Delian League formed Athens was the strongest city-state - "Golden Age" of culture and politics
58
Delian League
post-war league of Greek city states Athens was the unofficial leader and took all the collected money to build the Parthenon and other architectural wonders
59
some reasons the greeks won
maximized resources home field advantage better strategy

Ancient Greece (1 decks)

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