Midterm

Question 1

Refers to all shared products of human groups

Answer 1

Culture

Question 2

The shared rules of conduct that tell people how to act in specific situations are called

Answer 2

Norms

Question 3

A group that rejects the values, norms, and practices of the larger society and replaces them with a new set of cultural patterns

Answer 3

Counterculture

Question 4

A is a group with Otis own unique values, norms, and behaviors that exists within a larger culture.

Answer 4

Subculture

Question 5

Culture refers to the physical objects created by human groups

Answer 5

Material

Question 6

A group of mutually interdependent people who have organized in such a way as to share a common culture and feeling of unity is a

Answer 6

Society

Question 7

Are shared beliefs about what is good or bad, right or wrong, desirable or undesirable.

Answer 7

Values

Question 8

Are norms that do not have great significance attached to them.

Answer 8

Folkways

Question 9

The common features that are found in all human cultures are called cultural

Answer 9

Universals

Question 10

Cultural is the belief that cultures should be judged by their own standards

Answer 10

Relativism

Question 11

A is anything that stands for something else and has a shared meaning attached to it.

Answer 11

Symbol

Question 12

The tendency to view one’s own culture or group as superior is called

Answer 12

Ethnocentrism

Question 13

Abstract human creations, such a language, ideas, beliefs, rules, skills, family patterns, work practices, and political and economic systems

Answer 13

Nonmaterial Culture

Question 14

The person who studied societies in Papúa New Guinea to learn about differences in temperament is

Answer 14

Margaret Mead

Question 15

The smallest unit of culture is a

Answer 15

Cultural trait

Question 16

A written rule of conduct enacted and enforced by the government is a(n)

Answer 16

Law

Question 17

The anthropologist who studied the Yanomamö is

Answer 17

Napoleon Chagnon

Question 18

The person who used cultural relativism to explain the Indian prohibition against killing cows is

Answer 18

Marvin Harris

Question 19

Punishment or threat of punishment used to enforce conformity

Answer 19

Negative sanctions

Question 20

Knowledge and tools people use to manipulate their environment for practical purposes

Answer 20

Technology

Question 21

Extreme self-centeredness

Answer 21

Narcissism

Question 22

Recognition of new uses for existing elements or a new understanding of these elements

Answer 22

Discovery

Question 23

Source of social change because it comes from outside of one’s group

Answer 23

Ethnocentrism

Question 24

Source of social change involving floods, earthquakes, or tornadoes

Answer 24

The Physical Environment

Question 25

Sanction that takes the form of a reward

Answer 25

Positive sanctions

Question 26

System of beliefs or ideas that justifies some social, moral, religious political, or economic interests held by a social group or by society

Answer 26

Ideology

Question 27

Examples include imprisonment, fines, pay raises, and awards

Answer 27

Formal sanctions

Question 28

Significant new values that has emerged in the United States

Answer 28

Self fulfillment

Question 29

Are American values, involve right and wrong, include helping the less fortunate

Answer 29

Morality and humanitarianism

Question 30

Produce the greatest change in the least amount of time, bring advances in technology and medicine, are the least common source of social change

Answer 30

War and conquest

Question 31

Is spurred by instant communication, involves the spreading of culture traits, is seen in the worldwide distribution of American products

Answer 31

Diffusion

Question 32

Satisfaction with present, resistance to changed, maintenance of current life-styles

Answer 32

Characteristics of vested interests

Question 33

May include ribbons, badges, and medals, are first experienced within the family, may include praise and cheers

Answer 33

Positive sanctions

Question 34

Ethnocentrism, cultural lag, vested interests

Answer 34

Sources of resistance to social chance

Question 35

Freedom, personal achievement

Answer 35

Examples of American values

Question 36

Involves resistance to change, results because some aspects of culture change less rapidly than other aspects, occurs because in material culture are accepted more quickly that nonmaterial changes

Answer 36

Cultural lag

Question 37

Values and beliefs, technology, physical environment

Answer 37

Sources of change

Question 38

Produce conflicto, are vital to the stability of society, are not upheld to the same degree for all

Answer 38

Values

Question 39

The enforcing of norms through either sanctions or internalization is

Answer 39

Social control

Question 41

The process by which a norm becomes a part of one’s personality is called

Answer 41

Internalization

Question 42

A spontaneous expression of approval or disapproval is called a(n)

Answer 42

Informal sanction