Midterm Flashcards by Abby B

Theories

What is the simple view of reading?

word recognition processes x language comprehension processes

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Theories

What research supports the simple view?

-reading comp can be predicted by decoding and lang comprehension
-relationship between the two is multiplicative

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Theories

What are the limitations of the simple view?

-not a model
-very broad
-doesn’t say how decoding and lang comp are measured

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Theories

What is the reading rope?

Lang comprehension
-background knowledge
-vocab
-lang structure
-verbal reasoning
-literacy knowledge
PLUS
Word Recognition
-phonological awareness
-decoding
-sight recognition
EQUALS
skilled reading!!!!

expansion of the simple view

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Print Awareness

When should print awareness be discussed?

End of Kindergarden

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Print Awareness

What are the three important aspects?

Function of print
conventions of print
Book conventions

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Print Awareness

What are some of the functions of print?

-purpose
-coorespondence to langauge
-enviornmental literacy

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Print Awarenes

What is enviornmental literacy?

having print “around”

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Print Awareness

What are the aspects of conventions of print?

-words made of letters
-left-> right, top-> bottom
-sentance conventions

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Print Awareness

What are the aspects of book conventions?

-title page
-front and back cover
-right way up
-spine

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Letter Knowledge

Aspects of Letter Knowledge

-letter name
-letter shape
-letter formation
-letter sounds

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Letter Knowledge

How to teach letters

-mix up teaching similar letters back to back
-teacher uppercase first
-consistent movement of pencil
-posture
-paper position
-pencil grip
-use arrows

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Phonemic Awareness

Levels of phonemic awareness

-word
-syllable
-intrasyllable
-phoneme

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Phonemic Awareness

Phonemes

-split between consonant and vowels
-distict units of sound

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Phonological Awareness

Blending

taking smaller parts of a word and blending to make the whole word

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Phonological Awareness

Segmentation

breaking bigger parts into smaller words

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Phonological Awareness

Deletion

Taking away a sound and asking what word is less

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Phonological Awareness

Consonant Blends

two consonants appearing together that retain their sounds

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Phonological Awareness

Consonant Diagraphs

two consonants that make a single sound

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Phonological Awareness

Rime

the part of the syllable that contains the vowel and everything after

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Phonological Awareness

Onset

the part of the syllable that comes before the vowel

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Phonological Awareness

Definiton of Phonological Awareness

the ability to recognize and manipulate the sounds of spoken words

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Phonological Awareness

Graphemes

the smallest meaningful part of a word in written language

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Morphemes

Smallest meaningful chunks of a word

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syllables include only _______

one vowel sound

Common syllabic principles

vc/cv v/cv vc/c vcccv c+le

Free morphemes

Can stand alone as a word and have meaning

Bound morphemes

need to be attached to another morpheme to have meaning | usually prefixes and suffixes ## Footnote Ex. -ing

Principles of Phonemic Instruction

-explicit and systematic -proceed from segmenting words to segmenting phonemes -isolate intial phonemes -blend words that have continuos phonemes -1-2 skills at a time

How much time spent on phonological awareness?

10-15 mins a day in pre-k through kindergarden

What is the alphabetic principle?

the concept that letters map to spoken sounds

Analytic approach to phonics

breaking down familiar words to teach them new ones

synthetic approach to phonics

letter sounds taught and then taught to be blended to create new words

Analogy approach to teaching phonics

phonograms are taught in familiar words and are applied to new words

Embedded aproach to teaching phonics

phonics is taught as needed in “authentic” reading

Most common scope and sequence

-higher utility first -simple-> complex -short vowels early -easy to pronounce letters first -seperate letters like b and d

Decodable Texts

-texts that contain easily decodable words -boring -purposefully limited -good for students to see easily decodable words in text

Sight words

-words that kids automatically recognize when they see -usually contain an irregular pattern

Transcription Skills

-handwriting is important for fluency -drives home the relationship between letter and sound knowledge -typing starts grade 5 at the latest -handwriting instruction begins in K -solidifies grapheme/phoneme pairs

spelling instruction

sounding out words helps phoneme to grapheme relationship 10-15 mins spelling instruction daily quiz at the end of the week

High frequency words

words that appear often in written texts

permenantly irregular words

- words that contain an unconventional sound/spelling unique to a few words | ex. said

Temporarily irregular words

words that contain an unconventional sound/spelling for early readers, but is learned over time | ex. could, irregular from the perspective of early decoding

Closed syllable

ends in VC and has a short vowel sound

Open syllable

ends in a vowel and has a long vowel sound

What is syllabication?

The process of dividing words into syllables

What is flexible syllabication?

Teach kids to say words aloud, notice the chunks, write them down and use that as the basis for pattern awareness

3 positive characteristics of oral reading fluency?

-speed -accuracy -prosody

What does ORF CBM stand for?

Oral reading fluency curriculum based measurements

Formula for words correct per minute

words read - number of errors = WCPM

When to use ORF?

fall screening in 2-5 spring and winter progress monitoring 1-5

indirect approach (reading fluency)

DEAR time | No research to support this

direct approach (reading fluency)

-assisted reading (echo reading, choral reading, partner reading, paired reading, buddy reading, etc) -repeated oral reading

reading accuracy % formula

accuracy % = words read - number of errors/ words read * 100

receptive vocab

listening vocab and reading vocab

productive vocab

speaking and writing vocab

tier 1 words

everyday speech

tier 2 words

high frequency with multiple meanings, very helpful for reading comprehension | best to teach to students

tier 3 words

specialized low frequency words, discipline specific

specific word instruction

tier 1 words are rarely explicitly taught, only with ELLs tier 2 are most commonly explicitly taught tier 3 words are only explicitly taught when they come up in a context