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MIDTERM Flashcards

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1
Q

How many indigenous ethnolinguistic groups are there in the Philippines?

A

Over 110 indigenous ethnolinguistic groups

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2
Q

Name three major indigenous groups in the Philippines.

A
  • Igorot
  • Lumad
  • Aeta
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3
Q

What does the Indigenous Peoples’ Right Act (IPRA) of 1997 protect?

A
  • Rights to self-governance
  • Ancestral domains
  • Cultural preservation
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4
Q

Where are Lowland Indigenous Peoples primarily located?

A

Coastal areas, riverbanks, and plains

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5
Q

Give two examples of Lowland Indigenous Peoples.

A
  • Ati
  • Aeta
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6
Q

What are the main livelihood activities of Highland Indigenous Peoples?

A
  • Terrace farming
  • Weaving
  • Tattooing
  • Rituals
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7
Q

What are some challenges faced by Lowland Indigenous Peoples?

A
  • Land conversion
  • Marginalization
  • Limited education/healthcare
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8
Q

What is a key need of Indigenous Peoples related to land?

A

Protection of ancestral domains under IPRA

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9
Q

What role did the Sultanates of Sulu & Maguindanao play in Philippine history?

A

Key role in Islamization

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10
Q

What term is used for Muslim groups in the Philippines?

A

Moros

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11
Q

What was a major contribution of the Moro groups in Philippine history?

A

Moro Wars against Spanish colonization

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12
Q

What challenges do Northern Indigenous Peoples face?

A
  • Land encroachment
  • Limited education & modern opportunities
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13
Q

What is one challenge faced by Southern Indigenous Peoples?

A

Armed conflicts

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14
Q

What does the IPRA Law provide regarding ancestral domains?

A

Land ownership rights

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15
Q

What is the origin of the name ‘Bagobo’?

A

May come from ‘bago’ (new/recent) and ‘obo’ (person)

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16
Q

Who is the supreme leader among the Bagobo-Klata?

A

Datu (Pong-ngu-o)

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17
Q

What is the primary livelihood of the Bagobo-Klata?

A
  • Farming
  • Abaca fiber production
  • Hunting & Gathering
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18
Q

What is the traditional justice system of the Bagobo-Klata called?

A

Addat Pobiyan Gontangan

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19
Q

What is the distinct dialect of the Bagobo-Klata?

A

Bagobo-Klata dialect

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20
Q

What is the name of the supreme deity in Bagobo-Klata beliefs?

A

Eugpamolak Manobo

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21
Q

What is one traditional practice for disaster prevention in Bagobo-Klata culture?

A

Burning a lock of hair to stop rain

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22
Q

What is the primary occupation of the Matigsalug tribe?

A

Farming

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23
Q

What is the meaning of ‘Matig’ and ‘Salug’ in the Matigsalug tribe’s name?

A

‘Matig’ means ‘from’ and ‘Salug’ means ‘river’

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24
Q

What is the supreme deity of the Ata tribe?

A

Mansaludan

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25
What are the traditional clothing items for Ata women?
* Ompak (blouse) * Patadyong (skirt) * Palakot (belt)
26
What type of agriculture do the Ata people practice?
Kaingin (swidden farming)
27
What is the Mandaya tribe known as?
First people upstream
28
What are the main crops grown by the Mandaya tribe?
* Rice * Abaca * Millet * Taro * Banana
29
What is a common musical instrument among the Mandaya tribe?
Kudlong (two-stringed lute)
30
What do the Mandaya tribe's marriage customs include?
Pakisayod (poetic exchange before marriage)
31
What is a challenge faced by the OBU-Manobo tribe?
Loss of ancestral lands due to modernization
32
What is the traditional attire of the OBU-Manobo men?
* Binukkad (long-sleeved shirts) * Sowwaa (traditional short pants) * Tubaw Sakoy (head accessory)
33
What is a key aspect of Bagobo culture related to their arts?
Intricate textile patterns in weaving
34
What is an imball?
Drum with deer hide
35
What is a Bunabon?
Bamboo flute
36
What is a Suding?
Jaw harp
37
What materials are used in Ayup beadwork?
* Crocodile teeth * Wild cat fangs * Boar tusks
38
Who is a Bagani?
Chief/warrior leader
39
What is the role of the Council of elders?
Advisers on disputes, land, alliances
40
What is a Balyan?
Priestess performing spiritual rituals
41
What is Pakisayod?
Poetic exchange between families before marriage
42
What is Pamuka (kagon)?
Official family meeting
43
What is Kasamongan?
Dowry exchange
44
What is Pagtulod?
Final wedding celebration
45
Who is Magbabaya (Tagallang)?
Supreme God
46
What are Tagamaling?
Guardian spirits
47
What are Mandaranganar?
Warrior spirits
48
What are Busaw?
Malevolent spirits
49
What is Pagmana-ug?
Healing ritual with pig sacrifices
50
What is Pagbakallag?
Spirit invocation ceremony
51
What is Pagtali?
Divination ritual
52
What are the burial rites for the tribes?
* Body wrapped in woven mat, buried in mountains * Offerings of food & prayers to guide the soul * Silence maintained to prevent disturbing spirits
53
What is Sampak?
War dance with shields, spears, swords
54
What is Makatod?
Coming of age dance
55
What does the Kalibulungan Festival celebrate?
Mandaya heritage
56
What is the population of the Manobo tribe according to the 2020 census?
644,904 Manobo individuals
57
What does the term 'Manobo' mean?
Comes from 'Manuvu' meaning 'people'
58
Who leads the Manobo tribe?
Datu (chieftain)
59
What is the major dialect of the Manobo tribe?
* Agusan Manobo * Cotabato Manobo * Bukidnon Manobo
60
What is the supreme deity in Manobo religion?
Magbabaya (creator)
61
What is Kahimunan?
Ritual for harvest and life events
62
What is Buya?
Arranged marriage ritual
63
What is Pangujab?
Healing ceremony
64
What is Pangayaw?
Tribal war ritual
65
What is the Kaamulan Festival?
Celebrates Manobo culture
66
What is Sinulog?
Traditional women's clothes
67
What musical instruments are used in the Manobo tribe?
* Kulintang * Kudyapi * Agong
68
What does Pangotoeb refer to?
Tattooing, symbol of status and courage
69
What are the types of herbal medicine used by the Manobo?
* Buyo * Lunas kahoy * Kalingag
70
What is the farming practice used by the Manobo?
Swidden (slash-and-burn) farming
71
What does 'Mansaka' mean?
People who went upstream
72
What is the governance structure of the Mansaka tribe?
* Datu (chief) * Bagani (warrior leader) * Baylan (spiritual leader)
73
What is the supreme God of the Mansaka tribe?
Magbabaya
74
What does Pangagad refer to?
Courtship phase
75
What is Kudyapi?
Two-stringed lute
76
What is the Pamalayi?
Formal proposal
77
What is the Kadayawan Festival?
Thanksgiving for harvest
78
What is the traditional house of the Mansaka tribe called?
Uyaanan
79
What does 'B’laan' mean?
Opponent or people
80
What is the Koronadal B’laan?
Language spoken in Koronadal City, South Cotabato
81
What is Melu?
Supreme creator of God
82
What is the significance of T’nalak?
Handwoven abaca fabric
83
What is the Tarak B’laan?
Warrior dance
84
What is the purpose of the Kanduli Festival?
Thanksgiving for spirits
85
What is the burial practice of the B’laan tribe?
Buried in trees or wooden coffins
86
What are common themes among the Manobo, Mansaka, and B’laan tribes?
* Animism * Spirit worship * Shamanism * Communal rituals
87
What modern challenges do these tribes face?
* Land loss * Cultural assimilation * Language endangerment
88
What preservation efforts are being made for these tribes?
* Education * Eco-tourism * Revitalization of traditional arts

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